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the place of the Zanzibar Antelope occupied by a nearly allied but larger 
species, with much thicker and more strongly ridged horns. This is Living- 
stone’s Antelope, discovered by Sir John Kirk during his companionship with 
the celebrated traveller after whom he named it. Sir John Kirk obtained his 
specimens at Shupanga and Lupata on the Zambesi, where, he says, it is 
called ‘‘Ramsa” or “ Lumdsa,” and described them in an article on the 
Mammals of Zambesia, published in the Zoological Society’s ‘ Proceedings ’ 
for 1864. In habits, he tells us, Livingstone’s Antelope much resembles its 
ally of Zanzibar; it frequents dense underwood, and lives in pairs. On 
being started it runs off quickly, not unlike a hare, and conceals itself in 
some tuft of grass or small bush. 
It is probable, as suggested by Sir John Kirk, that the Antilope moschata 
of Peters, met with by that distinguished naturalist at Tette on the Zambesi, 
should be referred to the present species. 
Little more was known of this Antelope until 1893, when the British 
Museum received from the well-known African sportsman Mr. A. H. 
Neumann specimens of a small Antelope obtained in Northern Zululand in 
April of the previous year. On comparing these with the scalp and skull on 
which Nesotraqgus livingstonianus had been based by Sir John Kirk, Thomas 
came to the conclusion that they belonged to the same species. Although 
the horns of Mr. Neumann’s specimen were stouter and heavier, the differences 
appeared to be such as might be attributable to age. 
In a letter published in the ‘Field’ newspaper (of September 3rd, 1892) 
Mr. Neumann has given the following particulars respecting this Antelope :— 
‘‘T have known of the existence of this Antelope in South-eastern Africa 
for many years, but have only lately had an opportunity of obtaining a 
specimen. ‘The native name for it is ‘Inhlengana.’ It is barely larger 
than the tiny Blue-buck of S. Africa, but carries very much larger horns in 
proportion to its size. ‘The specimen sent is an old male. The white hairs 
on the head are said to be from age, and not general to the species. This 
one was killed in North-eastern Zululand, which district seems to be the 
southerly limit of its range. It frequents the densely bushed parts of the 
low flats between the coast and the Bombo range. How far north it ranges 
T cannot say, but I first heard of it in the neighbourhood of the Lower 
Limpopo and Komati rivers. 
“Tt has a very strong musky scent, the source of which appears to be the 
