DIRECT INJURIES CAUSED BY INSECTS. 15 
which it was placed, the saline taste with which it was imbued was so 
owerful that it was some time before it was dissipated from my mouth. 
—I shall only mention one more instance, because it is a singular one. 
The larva of Helophilus pendulus, a fly peculiarly formed by nature for 
inhabiting /luids, has been found in the stomach of a woman,? 
You will smile when I tell you that I have met with the prescription of 
a famous urine-doctor, in which he recommends to his credulous patient 
to take a certain number of sow bugs per diem, by this name distinguishing, 
as I suppose, the pill-millepede (Armadillo vulgaris), once a very favourite 
remedy. What effect they produced in this case I was not informed ; 
but the learned Bonnet relates that he had seen a certificate of an English 
physician, dated July 1763, stating that, some time before, a young woman 
who had swallowed these animals alive, as is usually done, threw up a pro- 
digious number of them of all sizes, which must have bred in her stomach.® 
—aAnother apterous species appears to have been detected in a still more 
remarkable situation. Hermann, the author of the admirable A/émoire 
Apterologique, whose untimely death is so much to be lamented, informs us 
that an Acarus, figured and described in his work (A. marginatus), was ob- 
served by his artist running on the corpus callosum of the brain of a patient 
in the military hospital at Strasbourg, which had been opened but a minute 
before, and the two hemispheres and the pia mater just separated. He 
adds that this is not the first time that insects have been found in the 
brain. Cornelius Gemma, in his Cosmocritica, p. 241., says that on dissect- 
ing the brain of a woman there were found in it abundance of yermicles and 
punaises.* 
It was customary in many countries in ancient times to punish certain 
malefactors by exposing them to be devoured by wild beasts: but to expose 
them to insects for the same purpose was a refinement in cruelty which 
seems to have been peculiar to the despots of Persia. We are informed 
that the most severe punishment amongst the Persians was that of shut- 
ting up the offender between two boats of equal size ; they laid him in one 
of them upon his back, and covered him with the other, his hands, feet, and 
head being left bare. His face, which was placed full in the sun, they 
moistened with honey, thus inviting the flies and wasps, which tormented 
him no less than the swarms of maggots that were bred in his excrements 
and body, and devoured him to the very entrails. He was compelled to 
take as much food as was necessary to support life, and thus existed some- 
times for several days. Plutarch informs us, that Mithridates, whom 
Artaxerxes Longimanus condemned to this punishment, lived seventeen 
days in the utmost agony; and that, the uppermost boat being taken off at 
his death, they found his flesh all consumed, and myriads of worms gnaw- 
ing his bowels. Could any natural objects be made more horrible and—— 
effectual instruments of torture than insects were in this most diabolical 
invention of tyranny ?° 
1 Specimens of a dipterous larva, of which, like the above, several had been dis- 
chateas with the urine of a patient, were exhibited to the Entomological Society 
April 4, 1840, by Professor Owen, who pointed out the great singularity of the case, 
and the difficulty of accounting for the existence of the larva in the bladder, (Pro- 
ceedings of Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 7.) 
2 Philos, Mag. ix. 366. 
5 Bonnet, v. 144, 
* Mém. Apteroiog. 75. 5 Universal History, iv. 70. ed. 1779, 
® For numerous cases of insects occasionally found in the human body, see a 
