378 PERFECT SOCIETIES OF INSECTS. 
former, which is a powerful recommendation, is usually fullofthem. Eggs 
are commonly found in the cells twenty-four hours after swarming, or at 
the latest two or three days. 
You may think, perhaps, that the bees which emigrate from the parent 
hive are the youth of the colony ; but this is not the case, for bees of all 
ages unite to form the swarms. The numbers of which they consist vary 
much. Reaumur calls 12,000 a moderate swarm ; and he mentions one 
which amounted to more than three times that number (40,000). A 
swarm seldom or never takes place except when the sun shines, and the air 
is calm. Sometimes, when everything seems to prognosticate swarming, a 
cloud passing over the sun calms the agitation ; and afterwards, upon his 
shining forth again, the tumult is renewed, keeps augmenting, and the 
swarm departs. On this account, the confinement of the queens, before 
related, is observed to be more protracted in bad weather. 
The longest interval between the swarms is from seven to nine days, 
which usually is the space that intervenes between the first and the second. 
The next flies sooner, and the last sometimes departs the day after that 
which preceded it. Fifteen or eighteen days, in favourable weather, are 
usually sufficient for throwing the four swarms. The old quten, when she 
takes flight with the first swarm, leaves plenty of brood in the cells, which 
soon renew the population.? 
It is not without example, though it rarely happens, that a swarm con- 
ducted by the old queen increases so much in the space of three weeks as 
to send forth anew colony. Being already impregnated, she is in a con- 
dition to oviposit as soon as there are cells ready to receive her egas ; and 
an all-wise Providence has so ordered it that at this time she lays only 
such as produce workers. And it is the first employment of her subjects 
to construct cells for this purpose.* The young queens that conduct the 
secondary swarms usually pair the day after they are settled in their new 
abode ; when the indifference with which their subjects have hitherto 
treated them is exchanged for the usual respect and homage. 
We may suppose that one motive with the bees for following the old 
ueen is their respect for her ; but the reasons that induce them to follow 
the virgin queens, to whom they not only appear to manifest no attach- 
ment, but rather the reverse, seem less easy to be assigned. Probably the 
high temperature of the hive during these times of tumultuous agitation 
may be the principal cause that operates upon them. In a populous hive 
the thermometer commonly stands between 92° and 97°; but during the 
tumult that precedes swarming it rises above 104°, a heat intolerable to 
these animals, This is M. Huber’s opinion. Yet still, though a high 
temperature will well account for the departure of the swarm from the 
hive with a virgin queen, if there were really no attachment (as he 
appears to think), is it not extraordinary, that when this cause no longer 
Operates upon them, they should agglomerate about her, as they always 
do, be unsettled and agitated without her, and quiet when she is with 
them? Is it not reasonable to suppose that the instinct which teaches 
them what is necessary for the preservation of their society,—at the 
1 Bees are generally thought to foresee the state of the weather: but they aré 
not always right in their prognostics; for Reaumur witnessed a swarm, which after 
ae the hive at half-past one o’clock were overtaken by a very heavy shower at 
three. 
2 Huber, i, 271, 5 Ibid. i, 805, 4 Ibid. i, 280. 
