422 ‘MEANS OF DEFENCE OF INSECTS. 
from the tree on which it feeds, though supplied with its leaves, loses this 
faculty, with which it is probably endowed to drive off the ichneumons that 
infest it.1 — And, toname no more, the great tiger-moth (ELuprepia Caja), 
when in its last or perfect state, has near its head a remarkable tuft of 
the most brilliant carmine, from amongst the hairs of which, if the thorax be 
touched, some minute drops of transparent water issue, doubtless for some 
similar purpose.* 
The next active means of defence with which Creative Wisdom has en- 
dowed these busy tribes, are those /imbs or weapons with which they are 
furnished. The insect lately mentioned, the puss-moth, besides the 
syringes just described, is remarkable for its singular forked tail, entirely dis- 
similar to the anal termination of the abdomen of most other caterpillars, 
This tail is composed of two long cylindrical tubes movable at their base, 
and beset with a great number of short stiff spines. When the animal 
walks, the two branches of the tail are separated from each other, and at 
every step are lowered so as to touch the plane of position ; hence we may 
conclude that they assist it in this motion, and supply the place of hind 
legs. If you touch or otherwise incommode it, from each of the above 
branches there issues a long, cylindrical, slender, fleshy, and very flexible 
organ of a rose colour, to which the caterpillar can give every imaginable 
curve or inflection, causing it sometimes to assume even aspiral form. It 
enters the tube, or issues from it, in the same manner as the horns of 
snails or slugs. These tails form a kind of double whip, the tubes repre- 
senting the handle, and the horns the thong or lash with which the animal 
drives away the ichneumons and flies that attempt to settle upon it. Touch 
any part of the body, and immediately one or both the horns will appear 
and be extended, and the animal will, as it were, lash the spot where it 
feels that you incommode it. De Geer, from whom this account is taken, 
says that this caterpillar will bite very sharply. — Several larvee of butter- 
flies, distinguished at their head by a semi-coronet of strong spines, figured 
by Madame Merian, are armed with singular anal organs‘, which may have 
a similar use. Rdsel, when he first saw the caterpillar of the puss-moth, 
stretched out his hand with great eagerness, so he tells us, to take the 
prize ; but when in addition to its grim attitude he beheld it dart forth these 
menacing catapults, apprehending they might be poisonous organs, his 
courage failed him. At length, without touching the monster, he ventured 
to cut off the twig on which it was, and let it drop intoa box!® The 
caterpillar of the gold-tail moth (Porthesia chrysorhea) has a remarkable 
aperture, which it can open and shut, surrounded by a rim on the upper 
part of each segment. This aperture includes a little cavity, from which it 
has the power of darting forth small flocks of a cottony matter that fills it. 
This manceuvre is probably connected with our present subject, and em- 
ployed to defend it from its enemies, It also ejects a fluid from its anus. 
There is a moth in New Holland, the larva of which annoys its foes 
in a different way : from eight tubercles in its back it darts forth, when 
alarmed, as many bunches of little stings, by which it inflicts very painful 
and venomous wounds.? 
1 De Geer, i. 524. 3 Thid. i. 208. ‘. 
3 Ibid. i. 322. 4 Ins. Surinam. t. viii, xxiii, xxxiii, 
5 |}. iv. 122, © Reaum, ii. 156. t. vii, f, 4—7. 
7 Lewin’s Prodromus, 
