Genus MEROPS. 
Gen. Cuar. Beak elongated, pointed, quadrangular, slightly arched, the ridge elevated. 
Nostrils basal, lateral, ovoid, open, slightly covered by hair directed forward. Tars? short. 
Toes three before and one behind; the second toe united to the middle one as far as the 
second articulation, and the middle toe to the inner one as far as the first articulation; the 
hind toe large at its base, with a very small claw ; the second quil-feather the longest, the 
first very short. 
BEE-EATER. 
Merops apiaster, Lznn. 
Le Guepier vulgaire. 
Tue station which the species of this genus occupy appears to be intermediate between the Kingsfishers on 
the one hand, and the Swallows on the other: to the former they are allied by their elongated form of beak, 
shortness of tarsi, brilliancy of plumage, similarity of places of nidification, and the white colour of the eggs ; 
and to the latter by their gregarious habits, their lengthened wing, their great and continuous powers of flight, 
and their manner of capturing while on wing the insects which constitute their food. 
The present beautiful species is we believe the only one of its genus which Europe can claim as its own. 
It is a bird of migratory habits, visiting, in the greatest abundance, the warmer portions of the Continent, 
especially Italy, Spain, Sicily, the Archipelago, and Turkey; and, not unfrequently, France, Germany and 
Switzerland, straying at uncertain intervals across the Channel to the shores of England, sometimes singly, and 
sometimes in small flocks of eight, ten, or even twenty, but never remaining with us or attempting to breed, 
our climate being in all respects uncongenial to its habits. Montague informs us that it is nowhere so 
plentiful as in the southern parts of Russia, particularly about the rivers Don and Volga. 
In the situation it chooses for a place of nidification, it greatly resembles our Sand-Martins, preferring 
precipitous sand-banks and the edges of rivers, in which it scoops out deep holes, generally in an oblique 
direction. 
The eggs are from five to seven in number, of a pure white ; but whether deposited on the bare ground or 
in a nest we are not able to say with any degree of certainty, as it is a point on which different authors hold 
contradictory opinions. 
In its manners it very much resembles the Swallow tribec, ontinuing like them for a length of time on the 
wing, and traversing backwards and forwards in pursuit of its food, which consists of flies, gnats, and small 
coleoptera, as well as bees and wasps, to which it is peculiarly partial, and from which it derives its name. 
Although its flight is, as above stated, like that of the Swallow, still we are informed its allied species in India 
are frequently in the habit of taking their food like the Flycatchers, whose manners they closely imitate, sitting 
motionless on a branch, darting at the insects as they pass, and returning again to their station. We have 
some grounds for suspecting that this peculiarity obtains more or less with all the species of this genus. 
The sexes of the Bee-eater in general offer no material differences of plumage, except perhaps that the 
colours of the female are rather more obscure,—a circumstance which, as in the Kingsfisher, extends also to 
the young, the adult colouring of the plumage being assumed at an early age. 
The beak is black, and one inch and three quarters in length; the irides red; the forehead yellowish 
white merging into blueish green; the occiput, back of the neck, and upper part of the back rich chestnut, 
fading off on the rump into a brownish amber; from the base of the beak proceeds a black mark which 
passes beneath the eye, and spreads over the coverts of the ear; the wings, except a large middle stripe of 
brown, are greenish, with something of an olive tinge ; the quill-feathers inclining to blue and ending in black ; 
the tail greenish; the chin and throat bright yellow, bounded by a black line which ascending reaches the ear- 
coverts; the breast and whole of the under surface blue, intermingled with reflections of green ; the first 
quill-feather rudimentary, the second the longest. 
The tail is square with the exception of the two middle feathers, which are an inch longer than the others ; 
feet and tarsi reddish brown. Total length from ten to eleven inches. 
We have represented an adult male in its finest state of plumage. 
