Genus AQUILA, Briss. 
Gin. Cuan. Bill straight at the base, strong, much hooked at the point, compressed, the sides 
inclining upwards and forming a narrow culmen; the tomia of the upper mandibles having 
a faint obtuse lobe situated behind the commencement of the hook. Nostrils oval, lateral, 
placed transversely in the cereous part of the bill; space between the nostrils and eye 
thinly covered with radiating hairs. Wings ample; the fourth and fifth quill-feathers the 
longest. Tarsz thickly clothed with feathers to the toes, which are rather short, and united 
by a membrane at the base. Claws very strong, hooked, and very sharp, grooved beneath ; 
those on the outer and hind toes the largest. 
IMPERIAL EAGLE. 
Aquila Imperialis, Bross. 
L’Aigle Imperial. 
Tur range of habitat occupied by this noble species in Europe is far more limited than that of its congener the 
Golden Eagle, which it closely resembles in its form, habits, and manners, being in fact exclusively confined 
to the eastern portions of the Continent, where it is abundant, particularly in Hungary, Dalmatia, and ‘Turkey. 
In its adult state it may be readily distinguished from the Golden Eagle by the large white marks which are 
situated on the scapularies. It is said to give a preference to the extensive forests of mountain districts, 
rarely frequenting those of the plains. It always builds, says M. Temminck, eitber in the mountain forests or 
on high rocks, the female laying two or three eggs, of a dull white. The young in the plumage of the first 
and second year differ from the adult in having the upper part of a rufous brown, varied with large blotches 
of light red, and in having the scapularies merely terminated with white instead of being wholly of that 
colour; tail ash-coloured, spotted towards the extremity with brown, and terminating in rufous ; back of the 
neck and all the under surface light buff, the feathers of the breast and belly bordered with bright red; beak 
dark ash ; irides brown; tarsi olive. ; 
In the adult the feathers on the crown of the head and back of the neck are of a lanceolate form, and of 
a rufous tinge bordered with a brighter tint; all the under surface of a deep blackish brown, with the 
exception of the belly, which is yellowish red; the upper surface is of dark glossy brown; several of the 
scapularies of a pure white; tail deep ash-colour irregularly banded with black, each feather having a large 
black bar near its extremity, which is yellowish white ; irides light yellow ; cere and tarsi yellow. 
The Plate represents an adult and a young bird one third of the natural size. 
