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only (VII?), unless either or both of the anastomoses 4 and 6 supply 
the ventral fibres. A triangular space (5) is enclosed by B and 
S.O.VII, but this is bridged over by a thin membrane of nervous 
tissue. The large nerve H arises by a single ventral root (VII?) in 
front of the ventral root of S.O.VIJ. There is a stout anastomosis 
(6) connecting it with the root of B, so that H may also be described 
as having both dorsal and ventral roots. With regard to the distribu- 
tion of these three nerve trunks, 8.0.VII after expanding into the 
large ganglion 7 courses over the eye. muscles, is distributed to the 
supra-orbital-canal and ampullae, and is obviously the superficial 
ophthalmic branch of the facial; the distribution of B has been al- 
ready described, and evidently corresponds to the ganglionated (8) 
buccal nerve of the VIIth of sharks and skates; whilst H with its 
large ganglion (9) and giving off palatine [PZ — with cells at origin 
— (10)| and chorda tympani branches (C.7.) and being related to 
the hyoid arch is undoubtedly the hyomandibular nerve + the facial 
proper of the above fishes. Thus the facial nerve of, Chimaera 
largely resembles that of the sharks and skates, which is exactly what 
one would expect to find: and I submit that none of the above nerves, 
when one remembers their origin and distribution, can, in the face of 
recent researches (which will be discussed below), be regarded as 
branches of the trigeminus. 
In connection with the Vth and VIIth nerves I only have to 
add that I have made a re-examination of the roots, and also of the 
superficial ophthalmic division of the Vth, and can confirm the above 
account of them in every respect. The material on which this was 
done was most kindly supplied me by Prof. G. B. Howes, to whom 
I am further indebted for enabling me to look up the literature of 
the whole subject, for much valuable assistance therein, and also for 
the use of his laboratory. 
Next as to the development of the nerves: — 
In 1881 MARSHALL and SPENCER published their important paper 
on the cranial nerves of Scyllium (3). This paper is not quoted 
by Mr. CoLLingE in any of his publications on the lateral line, and it 
is therefore possible that he has overlooked it. It has been fully con- 
firmed by every writer who has worked at the subject since it was 
published, amongst whom I may mention van WisHE (4), BEARD (5), 
Ewart (6), Junin (7), Scorr (8), Ramsay Wricut (9), Strona (18) 
and many others, and it is undoubtedly the most important paper 
that has been published on the cranial nerves of cartilaginous fishes 
per se within recent years. The authors show that the trigeminal 
