GENUS MELIT^A 149 



where snow and ice prevail for several months during the winter, 

 the larvae are gregarious, and hibernate in a web. The butterfly 

 Chalcedon is perhaps the oldest of our butterflies, having been 

 named in 1847, ^"d has been illustrated several times in various 

 works, and once, by mistake, doubtless, erroneously. 



158. Melitaea Dwinelli. Not elsewhere illustrated. 



Plate XVIII; Figures 158, a. Males, S. Cal., May (?), 

 June (?), 1885 (?); Author. 



Dwinelli is a variety of Chalcedon in which the fore wings are 

 suffused with red or yellow ; I figure one example of each. The 

 variety was first observed in 1881, in some specimens from the 

 Mount Shasta region of Northern California, collected by Mr. 

 Herman Dwinell, a young man of promise, who, unfortunately, 

 soon died, leaving this name as his only monument. At that time 

 the variety was found in both sexes, but I have never seen any 

 but male specimens ; though this is contrary to the ordinary hap- 

 penings of such things, as usually the female sex is much more 

 addicted to variations of all sorts than the males. The exact date 

 of the capture of these specimens is uncertain, and is now merely 

 guessed at. Three or four are all that I have ever taken, and all 

 of them were taken in Riche Canyon, near Colton. 



Fusimaculata is the name given by Dr. Barnes to a variety of 

 Chalcedon, said to have come frorri California, but no data are 

 given as to time or place. This variation is on the fore wings, 

 where the three outer rows of spots are fused as if rubbed together 

 in a horizontal way; no spots in cell; hind wings have long, 

 rectangular yellow spots between the nerves. Beneath, the fusion 

 is more marked than above ; the basal spots are black instead of 

 yellow. 



Mariana is another name given by the same author to another 

 variation of Chalcedon, and again, no data of time or place given. 

 It is called a black Chalcedon, having only a marginal row of red 

 spots. The description does not mention any yellow spots on fore 

 wing, but notes a row of small mesial yellow spots on hind wing; 

 apparently, therefore, it is almost wholly black, unless some yellow 

 spottings are to be taken for granted. 



159. Melitaea McGlashani. 



Plate XVIII ; Figures 159, b, c. 



Fig. 159, Male, Truckee, Cal, June 26, 1893; Author. 



