CONSPECTUS OF BUTTERFLIES. 9 
the third the length of the first, and needle shaped; antenne 
longish, with about thirty joints, the clubbed tips oblong and 
abrupt; eyes very downy; fore leys very hairy, somewhat like a 
tippet ; feeé with long double claws, or with a nail-like projection; 
upper wings somewhat curved, and three cornered ; under wings 
somewhat three cornered, with a short tail, and a groove to 
receive the abdomen. 
Egy oval, with many elevated ribs (except in V. Polychloros) ; 
caterpillar with divided spines; chrysalis somewhat angular 
with two ears, commonly gilded with metallic spots, suspended 
_ by the tail. 
Tue Exm (Vanessa Polychloros, LEAcH) appears the middle of 
July. Wing's two inches one-third to three inches; dark orange, 
inwardly covered with tawny hairs, and scales at the base, and 
clouded with black beneath; second pair with the hinder mar- 
gin black, with blue crescents; all the wings underneath ash- 
coloured, with black bands. Caterpillar, blackish, with a yellow 
stripe on the side, feeds on elm, dog-wood, and fruit trees; 
when young it is gregarious. Chrysalis flesh-coloured. Not 
uncommon. Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Hamp- 
shire, Devon, Isle of Wight. 
Tae TorrorsesuEe. (V. Urtice, Leacn) appears in spring, 
the end of June, and beginning of September. Wings one 
inch five-sixths to two inches one-third ; above deep orange, base 
black, hinder margin black, with a series of blue crescents ; 
second pair covered with long tawny hairs at the base. Cuater- 
pillar, dusky, head black, feeds on nettle; when young it is 
gregarious. Chrysalis greyish, spotted with gold on the neck, 
eae sometimes entirely gold-coloured, Common throughout the 
ingdom, 
Tar Peacock (V. Io, LeEAcn) appears in spring and the middle 
of July, till late in autumn. Wings two and a half to three 
inches; above purplish, or reddish brown, with a large eye-like 
Spot near the tip of the first, and towards the margin of the 
Second pair; underneath brown, marbled, banded, and spotted 
with black. Caterpillar, gregarious, black, spotted with white, 
the feet rust-coloured, feeds on the nettle. Chrysalis green, 
gold spotted. Common in the south of England, and found also 
in Yorkshire and in Scotland. 
THe Wittow (V. Antiopa, LeAcn) appears in spring, 
the beginning of August and middle of September. Wings 
two inches five sixths to three inches one-sixth; above pur- 
Plish, posterior margin whitish or straw-coloured, (in foreign 
Specimens buff or orange), with a series of violet-blue spots 
interiorly, The first pair have the upper edge marked with 
White, with two white spots near the tip; the second pair have 
& central white spot. Caterpillar, gregarious, black, with square 
Yeddish rusty spots on the back, feeds on the willow, birch, 
and poplar, Chrysalis black, spotted with tawny. Rare. Nor- 
folk, Suffolk, Essex, Worcester, Berks, Oxford, Cambridge, 
Middlesex, Herts, Kent, Epping Forest. 
