ENTOMOLOGY. 



651 



In 1693, an augmented edition of Swammerdam's 

 Historia Centralis Inscctorum Latinum, fecit H. C. Ilen- 

 nius, was printed at Utrecht. ■ 



In this year, the prodigious ravages occasioned by im- 

 mense swarms of locusts, which, in the month of August, 

 over-ran Germany, and extended partially through the 

 rest of Europe, even to the northern borders, could not 

 fail to engage the observations of many writers, among 

 whom we find the following naturalists, De Locustis im- 

 menso agminc ae'rem nostrum implentibus, et quid porten- 

 dcrc putcntur, by [Icbenslreit ; also Dissertatio de Lo- 

 cuius, anno praterito immensa copia in Germania visis, 

 cum diatriba, qua sententia autoris de a^v defendilur, 

 by Ludolphus The former of these works is comprised 

 in sixty-five pages, with one plate, from which we learn 

 the species treated of to be Gryllus migralorius. The 

 ■work of Ludolphus is in folio, and consists of eighty-eight 

 pages, embellished with figures. The following authors 

 also published tracts on this subject, namely, Crelhus, 

 Kirkmajor, Woollenhaupt, and Treunera, but we are 

 ignorant of the titles of these little dissertations, 



In 1094. Albino published a small tract on the Spa- 

 nish flies, (Cantharklrs ) 



In 1695, the Arcana Nature Detect*, by Leeuwcn- 

 hoek, appeared. ; 



And in the same year, a small octavo, Jacobi Petiven 

 Museum 



In 1699, Hombergh published a paper in the Memoirs 

 of the French Academy, on Agrion virgo. 



In 1700. was published, in three volumes, duodecimo, 

 Histoire Naturelle des lnscctes selon leurs differentes 

 ■metamorphoses, observees par Jean Goedart. Amster- 

 dam. 



In 1702, James Petiver produced the first decade of 

 his Gazojihylacium nature etartis," which was carried on 

 progressively till about ten years afterwards. It consists 

 of ten decades, which treat of insects, as well as larger 

 animals, fossils, and plants. 



In 1705, our celebrated countryman Ray published his 

 work entitled, Mcthodus Inscctorum, seu in methodum ali- 

 cjualem digesta. 



In this year also, the entomological part of the work of 

 Rumphitis appeared. 



In 1707, appeared in London, A Voyage to the Islands 

 of Madeira, Barbadoes, and Jamaica, with the Natural 

 History See. by Hans Sloane. Folio. 



In 17 10. Russel published his Theatrum universale 

 omnium animalium, which treats of insects. 



And the illustrious Ray's Historia Inscctorum, under 

 the care of Dr Derham, after the author's death, appear- 

 ed. In this work, he divides insects into two principal 

 classes, such as undergo transformation, and those that 

 do not; and these he subdivides into several orders. He 

 includes amongst these some vermes, which have again 

 been removed by Linnaeus, as we shall have occasion to 

 mention hereafter. 



In 1717, Wedelio published a tract on the utility of 

 Cantharides in the materia medica, in Jena. 



And in the same year, J. Pctivcr, an entomological 

 •writer, published a work, Paflilionum Brittanie Iconcs, 

 nomina, &c. in folio, London, which in its time was 

 certainly a valuable publication to the student of ento- 

 mology, and even now, as a work of reference, is in 

 high repute. 



In 1720, F risen published his Betchrcibung von Insec- 



ten in Deutschland : the whole work consists of thirteen 

 parts, each being illustrated by three plates. 



In this year, Eleazar'ei Albin published in London, A 

 Natural History of English Insects, with one hundred 

 copperplates, in one volume (juarto. 



In 1721, Bradley published in London, A Philosophi- 

 cal Account of the IVorks of Nature, which contains 

 some entomological matter, and also a few engravings of 

 insects, in octavo. 



In 1722, Opera Omnia, containing all the works of 

 Lceuwenhoek. 



In 1725, Sir Hans Sloane published in London, the 

 second volume of his Natural History of Jamaica, the 

 second book of which treats of the insects of that island, 

 accompanied by several uncoloured plates. 



In 1726, Mcrian published at the Hague, in large folio, 

 De gencratione et Melamorphosibus Inscctorum Surinam- 

 ensium ; the materials of which were collected by her- 

 self, or under her directions, in Surinam, where she spent 

 two years, for the sole purpose of forming a collection, 

 and in taking drawings for this work ; which is not, how- 

 ever, entirely devoted to entomology, for besides insects, 

 we find depicted plants, and various reptiles, as toads, 

 lizards, serpents, Sec. 



In 1730, Valisnieri, in his £sfierienze et Observazioii 

 intorno agli insetti, distributes all insects into four classes, 

 flora their habitats. The first comprehends those which 

 live on plants; the second, such as live in water; the 

 third, those that live on earth, or amongst stones ; and 

 the fourth, those which subsist on other animals. 



In 1731, was published in one volume quarto in Lon- 

 don, Inscctorum Anglitc Naturalis Historia i/luslrata Ico- 

 nibus in centum tabulis tenets eleganter ad vivum exprcs- 

 sis, &c. by Eleazare Albin, and was esteemed an elegant 

 work; but, we must confess, it is more remarkable for 

 gaudiness than fidelity. 



In 1731, at London, Histoire Naturelle de la Caroline, 

 la Floride, &e. par Mare Catesby, folio. 



In 1734, the first volume ol Reaumur's Memoircs pour 

 sei-vir a V Histoire dts Insectes ; was published in Paris. 

 The five succeeding volumes appeared between that lime 

 and 1742. 



In 1734, Albtrti Scbae, Locupletissimi re>um natura- 

 lium Thesauri accurata descri/ilio, et iconibus artificiosis- 

 simis expressio Laline et Gal/ice, torn. iv. folio. The 

 first volume appeared in the above year, the other three 

 before 1765. 



In 1735, the illustrious Swedish naturalist Linnaeus, 

 published the first edition of his Syslema Naturte, give 

 Regna tria Nature Uystcmatice proposita per classes, or- 

 dines, genera et species, in which work he distributes in- 

 sects into four orders, according to the number and form 

 of their wings, under the names, 1. Colcoptera ; 2. An- 

 gxoptcra ; 3. Hemiptera; 4. Aptera. In the first, are 

 contained those whose wings are covered ; the second, 

 those with naked or uncovered wings, as butterflies, dra- 

 gon flies, ephemerae, Sec. ; the third, locusts, bugs. Sec. ; 

 the fourth, those without wings, as lobsters, spiders, lice, 

 &c. Besides these, several animals, which, in later edi- 

 tions of the work, Linnaeus considered as vermes, were 

 included. These were the earth-worm (Lumbricus,) 

 the leech (Hirudo,) all land and sea shells, and star- 

 fish (Asterias,) sea-egg (Echinus,) kc; and in this ar- 

 rangement he by no means deviated from the received 

 opinions of his time. In the subsequent editions of his 

 4 N 2 



