ENTOMOLOGY. 



657 



In this year was published at Halle, in octavo, the 

 first part of a work entitled, Joh. Schrciter Abhandlun- 

 gen iiber verscliicdcnc Gegenstande der Miturgcschichte ; 

 a succeeding part appeared in 1777. 



A valuable book in quarto, entitled, Systematischcs 

 Verseichniz der Schmettcrlinge der Wiener gegand, &c. 

 Wien, appeared in this year. 



In 1777, Scopoli published the systematic work before 

 alluded to, under the title, Introductio ad Historian Mt- 

 turalcm. In this work (which does not relate exclusive- 

 ly to the science of entomology), he divides insects into 

 five tribes, under the singular appellations of Swammer- 

 dami-lucifuga, Gcojproy-gymnofitera, Rbeseliile/iidofitera, 

 Reaumurii-firoboscidea, and Frischii-coleo/itera. In this 

 manner he identifies each tribe with the name of that 

 author who has, in his opinion, been most successful in 

 the explanation of that to which his name is attached. 

 The order Lucifuga includes two genera, 1. Crustacea, 

 2. Pcdicularia. Gymno/itcra comprehends his Halterata, 

 Aculeata, and Caudata. Lc/iidofitera, the genera Sphinx, 

 Phalana, and Pafiitio. Proboscidea, he divides into ter- 

 restrial and aquatic. And the Coleo/ilera he divides 

 likewise into those inhabiting water, and those the land. 



In this fertile year, J. A. E. Goeze began to publish 

 an extensive systematic work, called Entomologische bey- 

 trdge zu des hitters Linne zisiblflen Ausgabe des Jialur 

 Systems, &c. which was continued progressively in 

 parts till 1783, in octavo. 



Espcr also produced in Germany the first part of his 

 valuable work on lepidopterous insects, entitled, Die 

 Schmcttcrling in Abbitdung nach der A r atur mil Bcschrei- 

 bungen, accompanied by many plates, of which a second 

 part was published in 1779. Between that time and 1786, 

 two other parts appeared likewise, and which, altogether, 

 form a very extensive publication. 



In 1778, at Berlin, was published in quarto, by Peter 

 Simon Pallas, A r aturgeschichtc Merkiviirdigen Thiere, in 

 nuelcher Vornehmlicli neue und unbekannte Thierarten 

 durch kufiferstriche, Beschreibnngen und Erkldrungen 

 eridutert tverden. 



And Paid Czempinsky published, in octavo, Totius 

 Regni Animalis Genera. 



Also, in quarto, A'omenclatur und Beschreibung der In- 

 secten in der Graffschaft Hanau-Miinzenberg, von Joh. 

 And. Ben. Bcrgstraesser. 



Also, Magazin fur die Leibhaber der Entomologie He- 

 rausgegeben, von Jos. Casp. Fuesly, Zurich and Win- 

 tcrthur. 



And, in this year, at Leipsic, in octavo, was published, 

 Versuch einer Naturgeschichte vom Livland, cntworfen 

 von J. I.. Fischer. 



Moses Harris also published his Aurelian, or Natural 

 History of English Insects, namely, Moths and Butter- 

 flies, London, in quarto. 



Lastly, J. C. Fabricii Philoso/ihia Entomologica, &c. a 

 work to be studied by every scientific entomologist. 



In 1779, Pieter Cramer published, De vit Landschc 

 ka/iellen, Voorkomende in de drie Waereld deelen Asia, 

 Africa, en America, or extra European insects, which, 

 with the continuation published in the year 1782, con- 

 sists of four volumes quarto, with many plates, confined 

 entirely to lepidopterous insects. 



And, in the same year, another very expensive work, 

 in the French language, named Pa/iillons d'Euro/ir, 

 Jttints d y a}ires Nature, which, as its title shews, is de- 

 voted entirely to the lepidopterous insects. 



In 1779, was published, in octavo, Anfangs-grunde der 

 Naturgeschichte, von Nath. Gotft. Leske. Leipzig. 



Vol VIII Part II 



In 1780, in Berlin, was published, in octavo, Schrif- 

 ten der Bcrlinischen Gescllschaft Naturforschenden 

 Freunde. 



Also, Otho Fabricii Fauna Grcenlandica, Sec. Haf- 

 niae et Lipsiae ; a valuable little work, in one volume 

 octavo. 



In 1781, was published, in London, by James Barfout, 

 an elementary work, The Genera Insectorum of Lin- 

 naus, exemplified by various Specimens of English In- 

 sects. As an illustration of the Linnean system, this 

 work may be not uninteresting to the English reader, 

 but its views are too limited to admit of even mere gene- 

 ral utility. Its author does not seem to have been aware 

 of the vast improvements the science had undergone on 

 the Continent, in the interval between the publication of 

 the Genera Insectorum of Linne, and the time in which 

 he wrote ; and has therefore drawn no comparisons be- 

 tween them, which, without innovation, must have placed 

 the science in a more lucid point of view. It is to the 

 silence of English writers in this respect, arising either 

 from want of information, from sentiments of illiberality, 

 from jealousy, or negligence, that we must ascribe the 

 very low state of entomological knowledge in Britain, 

 even to the present period. 



In the same year, Franciscus Paula Schrank distin- 

 guished himself by his enumeration of the insects of 

 Austria, called Enumcratio Insectorum Austria Indigc- 

 noruni, which has since been rendered into German by 

 Fuesly. 



Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting, in this year, pub- 

 lished at Zurich, the first part of his catalogue of the 

 insects of the Tyrol, Verzeichniss und Beschreibung der 

 Tyrohr Insect en ; a second part appeared in 1784. He 

 adopts a system distinct from that of Linne. Insects 

 by him are divided into ten classes or orders, charac- 

 terised from various parts of the body. These orders 

 are named, Scarab teoides, Grylloides, Cimicb'ides, Pa- 

 fiilionbides, Libellulbides, Ve.s/ibidcs, Muscb'ides, Can- 

 crbides, Aran'bidcs, and Oniscbidts. 



In this year, the Icones Insectorum /irasertim Rossia, 

 Siberi&que, fieculiarium, que Co/legit et Descriptionibus 

 illustravit, Petrus Simon Pallas, M. D. Erlangia;, ap- 

 peared in one volume quarto. 



And Herbst published Archiv der Inscctengeschichte, 

 Herausgegcbcn von Jos. Caspar Fuesly ; Zurich und 

 Winterthur. In quarto. 



In this year, Nicolas Joseph Jacquin published in 

 quarto, Miscellanea Austriaca, ad Botannicam, Chemiam 

 et Historian JVhtttralem. 



Also the Genera Insectorum of Linneus, Sec. by James 

 Barbut ; London, quarto, another edition. 



And Thunberg published at Ups^l, F.jusdem Museum 

 Naturalium Academia Upsale/tsis t9*c. Pars 1 ; to which 

 twenty other parts, and an appendix, were added before 

 the year 1800. 



Also, Beitragc zur Insektengeschichte von August, &c. 

 Wilhelm Knoch ; Leipzig, octavo. 



And J. C. Fabricii Species Insectorum, appeared in the 

 same year. 



In 1782, Moses Harris published his Exposition of 

 English Insects, &c. illustrated by fifty-one copper- 

 plates, in quarto, in which he has given figures of about 

 500 species. The text is in French and English, and 

 the specific names are given in Latin, but many such 

 as can never be adopted ; such as, for example, (Apis) 

 Audeo, Stc. 



And in quarto, Eric Pontoppodan Det forslc Fors-jg 

 fiaa Norges jYaturligc Historia, Kioberhavn. 

 40 



