ENTOMOLOGY. 



745 



Tribe XIII. Apides. 

 Lip with the apex inflected, the intermediate lacinia 

 filiform, and very long. Labial palpi, with the two first 

 joints resembling a compressed seta. 



Family I. Panurgida. 

 (Solitary bees.) 

 Hinder tarsi with the first joint nearly equally broad, 

 or gradually narrowing from the base to the apex, thfe 

 second joint originating from the middle of its apex. 



Division I. 



Palpi alike. 



Genus DCXLVIII. Svstropha. Illiger, Klug. 



.Apis. Schaeffer, Rossi. 



Eucera. Scopoli. 



Andrena. Olivier. 



Hyljeus. Fabricius. 



Ceratina. Jurine. 



Anthidium. Panzer. 



Mandibles bidentate. Superior wings with three com- 

 plete submarginal cells. Ocelli disposed in transverse 

 straight lines. Antennae filiform, elongate; the apex con- 

 voluted in the males, of the females elongate-clavate, the 

 apex acuminate. 



Sp. 1. Spiralis. 



Systro/t/ia s/iiralis. Illiger. 



Andrena spiralis. Olivier. 



Hylxus spiralis. Fabricius. 



Anthidium s/iiralc. Panzer. 



Inhabits Europe. 



Genus DCXLIX. Panurgus. Panzer, Spinola, Latr. 



Apis. Scopoli. 



Dasypoda. Illiger, Fabricius. 



Apis. Kirby. *a. 



Eriops. Klug. 



Mandibles not dentated. Antennae straight in both 

 sexes, aYid subclavate. Superior wings with two sub- 

 marginal cells. Ocelli disposed in a triangle. 



Sp. 1 . Lobatus. 



Panurgus lobatus. Panzer. 



Dasypoda lobata. Fabr. 



Inhabits Europe. 



Division II. 

 Palpi unequal ; the labial palpi setiform. 



Subdivision 1. 



Labrum nearly quadrate, transverse, or not much lon- 

 ger than broad. Mandibles tridentate at their points. (Su- 

 perior wings with three submarginal cells). 



Genus DCL. Xylocopa. Latr. Illiger, Panzer, Jur. 

 Klug. Spinola, Fabr. 



Apis. Linn. Geoff. Vill. Rossi, Kirby. (**rf. 2. /9). 



Bomdus. Fabr. 



Centris. Fabr. 



Labrum transverse, abruptly carinated transversely, 

 the anterior margin ciliated, emarginated. Antennae fili- 

 form, with the scapus very long. 



The wings of this genus arc generally violet coloured, 

 and composed of a substance between membrane and co- 

 rium. 



Sp. 1. Violacea. 



Xylocopa violacea. Fabr. Panzer, and Latr. 



Apis violacea. Linn. 



Inhabits Europe. 



Vol. VIII. Part. II. 



The following account of the economy of this species 

 is extracted from Reaumur. "The mother bee usually 

 makes her appearance in the spring, as soon as tne win- 

 ter is over ; she may then be met with in gardens, visit- 

 ing such walls as are covered with trees trained on trel- 

 lis-work, in a sunny aspect. When once she has begun 

 to make her appearance, she frequently returns, and for 

 a long period may be known by her size, and her hum- 

 ming noise, which much resembles that of the genus 

 Bombus. The object of these early visits is to fix upon a 

 piece of wood calculated for her purposes. She gene- 

 rally selects the putrescent supporters of arbours, or 

 vine-props, and will sometimes attack garden-seats, thick 

 doors, and window-shutters; but she generally (if not al- 

 ways) selects a piece cylindrical and perpendicular. 

 With her strong mandibles she bores into it, directing 

 her course obliquely downwards, then proceeding in a 

 direction parallel with its sides, till she has bored a cylin- 

 diic hole from twelve to fifteen inches in length, and 

 seven or eight lines in diameter. Sometimes three or 

 four tunnels are bored in the same piece, nearly parallel 

 with each other. A passage is left where she enters, or 

 first begins to bore, and another at the end of the pipe. 

 As the industrious animal proceeds in her employment, 

 she clears away the wood which she detaches, throwing 

 it out upon the ground, where it appears like a small 

 heap of saw-dust. Thus we sec she has prepared a long 

 cylinder in the midst of the wood, sheltered from the 

 weather and from external injuries, and fitted for her 

 purposes. She now enters to the bottom of the cylinder, 

 and deposits an egg, and then lays in a store of pollen 

 mixed with honey, sufficient for the nutriment of the lar- 

 va when hatched. At the height of seven or eight lines, 

 which is the depth of each cell, she next constructs, of 

 particles of the saw-dust (formed in the boring of her tun- 

 nel) glued together, and also to the sides of the cylinder, 

 an annular stage. When this is sufficiently hardened, its 

 anterior edge affords a support for a second ring of the 

 same materials ; and thus the ceiling is gradually formed 

 of these concentric circles, until a small orifice in the 

 centre only remains ; and this is also filled up with a cir- 

 cular mass of the agglutinated saw-dust. This partition 

 exhibits the appearance of as many concentric circles as 

 the animal has joinings ; and is about the thickness of a 

 French crown-piece. It serves for the ceiling of the low- 

 er, and floor of the upper apartment. One cell being com- 

 pleted, she proceeds to another, which she furnishes in 

 the same manner; and so on, till she has divided her 

 whole tunnel into apartments, which are usually about 

 twelve. When the larva assumes the pupa, it is placed 

 in its cell, with its head downwaids, and is thus prevent- 

 ed, when it has attained its perfect state, and is eager to 

 emerge into day, from disturbing the tenants of the up- 

 per cells, who, being of later date each than its superin- 

 cumbent neighbour, are not quite so perfected as to be 

 ready to go forth upon the world." 



Genus DCLI. Ceratina. Latr. Jurine, Spinola. 



Apis. Villers, Rossi, Kirby. (**d. 2. a). 



Megilla. Fabr. Illiger. 



Prosopis. Fabr. 



Pithitis. Klug. 



Clavioera. Walckenaer. 



Labrum almost quadrate, perpendicular, entire. An- 

 tenna gradually thickening towards their extremities' 

 the scapus not large. 



Sp. 1. Carulea. 



Apis carulea. Villers. 



5 B 



