184 AMERICAN SPIDERS AND THEIR SPINNINGWORK. 
Lees: 1, 2, 4, 8; yellowish brown in color; strongly annulated at the joints, and 
between the joints of femora and tibise. The palps are yellow; the mandibles conical, 
parallel, but divergent at the tips; dark brown. 
ApspomEN: Subtriangular, or cordate; as wide across the base as the length; strongly 
marked shoulder humps (Fig. 4b, side view) upon the dorsum, which is yellow, mottled 
with undulating and transverse black bands, which constitute an irregular folium, occupying 
most of the dorsum. The apical part of the abdomen is marked by a black foliated figure, 
in the centre of which may be seen the dark branching lines so common in spiders. The 
base of the abdomen appears to be divided into two parts by a natural constriction, which, 
although it may have been caused by the shrinking of the skin in the abdomen, has been 
represented in the figure. Underneath the color is yellow, mottled with black. (Fig. 4a.) 
The ventral pattern is a broad, black brown median band, bordered with yellowish white, 
in the lower portion of which, near the spinnerets, are two whitish spots. The epigynum 
has a horseshoe shaped atriolum (Fig. 4d), the ends and ridge of which are black and 
corneous. The scapus is short, narrow, but widening at the tip like a spoon. 
Disrrisution; Southern California, one female. 
’ No. 42. Epeira Nordmanni Tnorext. Plate IX, Figs. 5, 6, 7; Pl. XI, Fig. 5. 
1870. Epeira Nordmanni, Tuornti.. . . Synonyms European Spiders, p. 4 
1884. Epeira Nordmanni, Emerton . . N. E. Ep., p. 301, pl. 33, Fig. 6. 
Fremaie: Total length, 15 mm. for largest specimen, smallest adult specimen, 9 mm.; 
abdomen, 11 mm. long, 9 mm. wide; cephalothorax, 5.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; width of 
the face, 2 mm. 
CrepHaLotHorAx: A rounded oval, somewhat flattened on top; fosse a deep semicircular 
pit; corselet grooves distinct, but interrupted; cephalic suture distinct; caput slightly 
depressed ; surface smooth, without pubescence; color, brownish yellow, with dark shades of 
brown. Sternum shield shaped, bluntly pointed at thé apex; raised in the middle; sternal 
cones prominent, especially opposite coxse-I, III, most prominent of all in front of labium; 
sparsely covered with white hairs. Labium wide, obtusely triangular at tip; at least half as 
high as maxille, which are slightly longer than broad, tips subtriangular; color of sternum, 
lip, and maxille dark brown, tipped with yellow. 
Eyrs: Ocular quad elevated; length slightly greater than frontal width, narrowest 
behind; MF largest, separated by about one diameter; MR separated by 0.7 diameter. Side 
eyes on high tubercles; barely contingent; SF larger than SR; MF separated from SF by 
about 1.3 their area; SR from MR by from 2 to 2.5 area of latter. Clypeus about 1.5 
diameters MF high; front row slightly recurved, the longer rear row slightly procurved. 
Lxcs: 1, 2, 4,3; stout; armed with numerous yellow spines with brown bases, and 
stout bristles; color, yellow or cretaceous, with apical brown annuli; femora-I, IT, in some 
specimens are bright brown, in others yellowish brown. The palps stout, heavily armored 
and yellow, except at tips of digital joints; mandibles conical; strong, slightly divergent at 
tips, colored as cephalothorax. 
Anpomen: Triangular ovate; two prominent shoulder humps; the basal front slopes 
toward cephalothorax, forming an equilateral triangle; dorsum arched in a long triangle to 
the spinnerets; the apical wall about two-thirds the thickness of the base. Color yellow to 
yellowish brown; marked on the dorsal front by a light Y-shaped figure; the arms of the 
Y extend between the shoulder humps, thence following the median line. This bright 
yellow band passes onward with interruptions nearly to the apex. On either side of the 
lower half is a row of five semilunar dashes of brown color, converging to the spinnerets ; 
in some specimens on the lower part of the abdomen these marks are almost entirely 
united by a band of brown, as in Plate IX., Fig. 5. The yellow color of the sides is 
crossed by four or five series of brown lines, drawn from common points on the dorsum at 
the margin of the folium, and widening as they pass around the sides toward the yenter. 
Ventral pattern a dark brown oval band, marked by two bright yellow roundish spots near 
a eee 
