THE TUPA OR CHRYSALIS. 105 



the under surface of some conveniently placed 

 leaf, and they thus hang suspended, head doAvn- 

 wards, to undergo their transformation, as shown 

 in the suspended chrysalis in Plate II. No. 3. This 

 mode of undergoing the change to the pupa state 

 is common to most of the larvae of the handsome 

 species of the genus Vanessa, among which are 

 the Peacock, the Red Admiral, the Painted Lady, 

 etc. The larva of the Purple Emperor also sus- 

 pends itself, as do those of our pretty Prittillaries 

 and Meadow Butterflies. 



When the case of the pupa is completely formed 

 inside the last skin of the Caterpillar, which soon 

 afterwards splits and falls off, another skin is 

 cast, inside, hy the insect within the pupa-case ; and 

 this skin remains in the shell, where it may he 

 found after the perfect insect has escaped. 



Some larvae, after forming the cocoon, change 

 almost immediately to the chrysalis state, while 

 others remain within the cocoon for months still 

 in the larva form. The Cossus, for instance, when 

 it spins its cocoon for change in autumn, remains 

 in the Caterpillar state within it till the following 

 June, when it becomes rapidly a chrysalis, and the 

 perfect insect comes forth in a few weeks. 



There are many different kinds of pupae, but 



