THE PUPA OR CHRYSALIS. HI 



expresses it, like a " tear." In some instances, the 

 extremity terminates in a slender tail-like append- 

 age, either forked or simple. 



Some chrysalides have, like nymphs, or semi- 

 pupsB, a means of locomotion, though very restricted 

 in its character. This means is generally fur- 

 nished hy such spines as those on the sides of that 

 of the Cossus IAgniperda, which are said to enahlc 

 it to force itself partly out of the hole in a tree in 

 which it has lain, just in time and just sufficiently 

 to allow the winged insect, when the shell opens, to 

 escape without injury to its wings ; and that of the 

 hop-feeding Hepialus, the Common Swift, is said to 

 he furnished with similar appendages, by means of 

 which it is enabled to move about in its spacious 

 cocoon ; while the chrysalis of the handsome Moth 

 Lasiocampa Quercvs is said to move up and down 

 its long crescent-shaped cocoon (similar to that of 

 the !Fox-moth) like a chimney-sweep, getting up 

 with considerable labour, but coming down much 

 more rapidly. 



Other chrysalides, though necessarily, as it 

 would seem, so inert from the nature of their 

 structure, have yet positively the power of leaping. 

 This was observed by the indefatigable Reaumur 

 in some small chrysalides, which, by holding them- 



