114 GRAMMAK OF ENTOMOLOGY. 



402. A trifid ligula {ligula trifida) is when it 

 has three distinct terminations ; this ligula is more 

 variable in form than the foregoing : the three ter- 

 minations are sometimes obtuse lobes, sometimes 

 long setiforni processes. 



403. A quadrifid ligula {ligula ■ quadrifida) is 

 when it has four distinct terminations ; this ligula 

 has usually the appearance of having really but 

 three lobes, with the central lobe deeply cleft. 



404. A setiform ligula {ligula setiformis) is 

 when the central lobe of a trifid ligula is very long, 

 slender, and pliable ; the lateral lobes being very 

 small, or merely rudimeutal : these small lateral 

 lobes have been called paraglossce. 



405. A palpiform ligula {ligula palpiformis) is 

 bilobed or quadrilobed ; and the two or four lobes, 

 as the case may be, are jointed in the same manner 

 as the feelers. 



406. The tongue {lingua) is usually attached to 

 the inner surface of the lower lip, very near its 

 base. In the locust the tongue is very prominent 

 and remarkable, assuming nearly the form of the 

 human tongue : in some bees it is distinguishable, 

 but not prominent : in most insects it is difficult 

 to be found : the tongue has also been called epi- 

 pharynx. 



407. The feeler-jaws {maxillce) are situated 

 immediately above the lower lip. They have 

 great variety of form and motion ; they are at 

 once to be distinguished from the mandibles by 



