182 GRAMMAR OF ENTOMOLOGY. 



antennae, as long as the body, composed of about 

 twelve or thirteen joints in the female, and twice 

 as many in the male ; maxillary feelers four- 

 jointed ; ligula short, obtuse, and tomentose ; 

 wings wide, as long as the body, which they 

 cover horizontally ; female furnished with a 

 long oviduct. Cecidomyia, Campylomyza. 



661. Crane-flies ( KpaZz^es). Larva stout, very 

 soft, attenuated anteriorly, abruptly terminated 

 posteriorly ; feeds on the roots of com, grass, 

 and other vegetables, or occasionally decayed 

 wood. Pupa changes in the same situations ; it 

 has often two remarkable recurved horns, porrected 

 from its head, through which it is said to breathe ; 

 and the segments of the body are mostly armed 

 with spines. Imago with antennae thirteen to 

 seventeen-jointed ; frequently pectinated in the 

 males ; ligula fleshy, bilobed, dilated ; maxillary 

 feelers five-jointed, curved, the points turning 

 outwards ; ocelli none. Ctenophora, Pedicia, 

 Tipula, Erioptera, Limnobia. 



662. Fungus-flies (Mycetophiliies). Larva 

 elongate, glabrous ; feeds on decaying fungi. 

 Pupa changes in the same situations. Imago 

 with antennae sixteen-jointed, sometimes very 

 long, moniliform, and simple in both sexes ; 

 ligula and other organs of the moutli obscurely 

 developed or obsolete ; ocelli three ; wings rather 

 wide, cover the body horizontally ; body very 

 slender, the same length as the wings ; legs 



