THE ARMATURE OF ORBWEBS: VISCID SPIRALS. 85 
in order, in cases where the spiral scaffold is not easily accessible.t I have 
occasionally observed this action, but cannot certainly confirm the observa- 
tion as habitual. At all events, the diagram will show this alternate move- 
ment as it may be made between the radius 5 and radius 6, or again be- 
tween radius 6 and radius 7, ; 
From this point onward, while crossing laterally the lower portion of 
the orb, and again while ascending, the striding movements which have 
been described and illustrated by the previous figures become necessary. 
Usually, however, upon the downward course, she drops from one 
radius to another, and thus proves herself, like any human la- 
borer in mechanics and architecture, both able and willing to 
make the best use of her time and strength by varying her ordinary habit, 
and availing herself of natural conditions. I have described what is the 
habitual course, as it may be seen by any careful observer. But there occur 
exceptions, and I haye sometimes had occasion to note the fact that some 
spiders allow themselves to be so swayed by habit that they persist in 
crawling around the sides of all the sections, instead of relieving them- 
selves by the direct drop after the manner of their congeners. I suppose 
that even in Spiderdom there is room for the ultra conservative consti- 
tution. 
Mr. Blackwall thus describes the mode of spinning the spirals, which 
correctly summarizes the detailed account which I have given. From the 
circumference of the orb the spider passes along a radius to the outer 
line of the spiral scaffolding (having fixed a viscid thread to the end of 
the radius)—along which she goes to the adjoining radius, drawing out 
the thread, in her transit, with the claws of her hind leg nearest the 
circumference. She then transfers the thread to the claws of the other 
hind leg, and passing down the radius at which she has just arrived to the 
circumference, she places the foot of her hind leg previously employed in 
drawing out the threads on the point in the radius to which 
Labor 
Saving. 
etal her filament is to be attached, and bringing her spinners to the 
wa’ 8 ~® snot there makes it secure. The precise place in each radius at 
scription. P I I 
which to fix the thread is always ascertained by the situation 
of the foot of the hind leg, and this is determined by touching with the 
feet of those legs nearest the circumference, the marginal line, or when 
the structure of the net is further advanced, the last formed circumvolu- 
tion of the viscid spiral line.? 
The spider advances, as we have seen, by a zigzag movement, partly 
striding, partly swinging, catching alternately upon the opposing founda- 
tion spirals and the next radius. Every radius crossed, at every crossing, 
is touched as above described and the spiral caused to adhere. In some 
orbs whose radii number forty or fifty, and the spirals as high as sixty, 
the number of attachments is very great—2500 or 3000, and they are 
1 “Nets of Geometric Spiders,’ page 183. 
