THE GENESIS OF SNARES. 347 
and Tubeweavers. The same is true of the Saltigrades, who persistently 
live in tubes; of the Laterigrades, who occasionaly form them; and of the 
Citigrades and Tunnelweavers, who make silk lined 
tubular burrows in the ground. 
Among the causes that would lead directly from a 
simple lineweaving to a tubeweaving habit are the ma- 
ternal function and instinct. The mother seeks retire- 
ment when the time of ovipositing draws near. 
Influence Beneath some ledge, or leaf, or stone, or twig, 
of Mater- : 
eS or other convenient shelter, she takes refuge, 
and there remains until the last act of ma- 
ternal care. The very continuance in one place would 
naturally lead to the formation of a rudimentary nest 
in the manner just explained. The mother’s prompt- 
ings to protect her progeny by overspinning the eggs 
would lead almost inevitably, in many cases, to her- .., a5 Sepa ane cap 
self sharing the provided shelter, or extending or of a Laterigrade spider, 
adapting it for her own benefit. Can poe 
How natural is such a step appears from the fact that such spiders as 
the Laterigrades, that never (or but rarely) use any sort of snare or shelter, 
resort to a tubular cell for the protection of their eggs 
and young, and dwell within it themselves during the 
hatching season. (Fig. 338.) So, also, Ly- 
Lateri- — gosids, which habitually wander in the open 
grades : : A hee ti Foy 
and in pursuit of prey, when the time for co- 
Lycosids, Cooning comes make a burrow or nest in 
the ground or beneath a rock, which they 
silk line and use as a domicile. Thus, also, Dolo- 
medes, which is persistently nestless and webless in 
ordinary habits, is drawn by maternal instincts to spin 
among the leaves, or in like situation, one of the 
most complete nests that can be found in the whole 
range of aranead spinningwork. 
Having thus pursued the line of analogy from 
the Lineweaving to the Tubeweaving species, we may 
return upon our course for a moment to 
Analogy trace the analogies between the Lineweaving 
Between and Orbweaving species. Already, in a pre- 
ee ceding chapter (Chapter VII), I have fully 
; : and Orb- illustrated the peculiar habit of certain Orb- 
nee apenas Spectand vest weavers. weavers to combine with their typical or- 
bicular snare the typical retitelarian snare 
of the Lineweavers. Conspicuous examples of this are Epeira labyrin- 
thea, Epeira triaranea, and most of the species belonging to the genus 
