458 AMERICAN SPIDERS AND THEIR SPINNINGWORK. 



a crustacean larva appears to me to be very clear from an examination 

 of the figures which I reproduce, Figs. 385 and 386, and, indeed, this 

 lias already been shown by Seebach.' 



V. 

 It remains to notice a little more definitely the geological position of 

 the fossil spiders of America. Professor Cope, in view of the character 



of the fisli fauna, relegates the Florissant deposits to the later 

 Geological j^^Qggj^g q^ g^rly Miocene.'* Lesquereux, judging from the plants. 

 Position of .pjgj.g ^jjjg deposit to the lower Miocene or Oligocene.^ This 

 Spiders ^vould place the spiders and the insects of these beds within 



the same horizon, substantially, as those of the amber and the 

 Oeningen and other Tertiary strata of Europe. Or, as Scudder has ex- 

 pressed it, " We may therefore provisionally conclude, from the evidence 

 afforded by the plants and vertebrates, that the Florissant beds belong in 

 or near the Oligocene." The evidence derived from insects and spiders is 

 thus in harmony with that from vegetables and higher animals. 



1 have attempted, by the following tabulated statement, to express ap- 

 proximately the relations of the Florissant spider bearing deposits with 

 those of Europe in which spiders have also been found. 



TEKTIARY. 

 Pliocene. 



( U|)i)cr. 1. Fresli water formations, Oeningen, Switzerland. 

 Miocene. IMiddle. 2. Sulpliur impregnated strata, Radoboj, Croatia. 



I Lower. 3. Brown-coal strata of the Siebengebirge, Rhine. 



[ 4. Florissant Ba.sin, Florissant, Colorado, U. S. 



Oi,i(jocENii. <. 5. Amber, Prnssian Baltic. 



i (i. Fresh water formations,' Aix, Provence.'^ 



Eocene. 7. (Jarnet Bay, Isle of Wight (Eoaty])Us wood\\iirdii). 

 CRETACEOUS. 



JURASSIC. 8. Lithogra|)hic limestone, Solenhofen, Bavaria (Palpijies priscns)." 

 TRIASSIC. 

 PERMIAN. 



• f 9. Argillaceous slat(!, Kattowitz, Upper Silesia (Protolycosa anthro- 



CARBONIFEROUS. I cophila). 



( 10. Coal measures of Illinois (Arthrolycosa antiqua). 



' Zeitschr. deutsch geol. Gesellsch, XXIII., page 340. 



2 Bull. U. S. Geological Survey Territories, 2d series, No. 1, 1875. 



' Report U. S. Geological Survey Territories, Vol. 7, 1878. American Journal Science, 

 XVII., page 279. 



* Oustalet, Recherches sur les Insectes Fossiles des Terrains Tertiaires de la France, 

 page 36. Oustalet presents the various views of geologists as to the position of this forma- 

 tion, from which I have placed it as here. 



' A well preserved Theridioid spider from Aix may be seen in "Geology and Mineral- 

 ogy," Bridgewater Treatise, by Rev. Wm. Buckland, D. D., Vol. II., page 79, and plate 46, 

 Fig. 12, Theridium bucklandii Thorell. Gourret has recently described about eighteen Oli- 

 gocene species from Aix. Rec. Zool. Suisse, IV., page 431, 1887. 



* A crustacean larva, see above, page 457. 



