2 Department Circular 396, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture 



Table 1. — Tests in the control of scald in barrel apples with shredded oiled paper 





Locality 



Date of 

 picking 



Date of 

 note taking 



Percentage of 

 apples scalded 



Variety 



Packed 

 with 

 paper 



No 

 paper 



Grimes Golden... 



Rockville, Md 



Sept. 13, 1923 

 Sept. 11, 1924 

 Sept. 11, 1925 

 Oct. 11,1923 

 Oct. 18,1923 

 Oct. 17,1924 



Jan. 15,1924 

 Jan. 25,1925 

 Jan. 16, 1926 

 Apr. 3, 1924 

 Feb. 29,1924 

 Apr. 2, 1925 

 Mar. 26, 1925 

 Mar. 5,1926 

 Mar. 16, 1926 

 Mar. 26, 1926 

 Feb. 27,1925 

 Mar. 15, 1926 

 Mar. 19, 1926 

 Mar. 17, 1924 



Feb. 28,1925 

 Mar. 16, 1926 

 Mar. 26, 1926 

 June 18,1925 

 May 20, 1924 



4 

 7 



17 

 6 

 1 

 

 



11 

 

 2 

 

 



1 



4 





 1 

 23 

 

 



73 



Do 



93 



Do 



Charleston, W. Va_.__ 



77 



York Imperial 



70 



Do 



Rockville, Md. 



...-do 



94 



Do 



Do 



25 

 35 



Do 



do 





95 



Do 



Rockville, Md.. 



Winchester, Va . 



Oct. 23,1925 



32 



Do 



62 





Inwood, W. Va 



Rockville, Md 



Albion, N. Y 



Oct. 9, 1924 

 Oct. 6, 1925 



96 



Do 



24 





69 



Arkansas (Mammoth Black 

 Twig). 

 Do 



Inwood, W. Va 



do 



Oct. 29,1923 



Oct. 24,1924 

 Oct. 13,1925 



79 

 91 



Do 



Woodside, Del 



95 



Do 



93 







Sept. 17, 1924 

 Oct. 29,1923 



28 



Ben Davis.. 



Inwood, W. Va 



45 







Average 



4 S 67 















DISTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER IN THE 

 BARREL 



In the experiments reported in Table 

 1 the shredded paper was well distrib- 

 uted in the barrel, practically every 

 apple coming in contact with the paper. 

 Other tests were made where several 

 layers of apples were run in between the 

 layers of paper, resulting in many 

 apples being entirely out of contact 

 with the paper. A part of these tests 

 were made in connection with the tests 

 reported in Table 1 and part as inde- 

 pendent experiments. The results are 

 shown in Table 2 and also in Figure 1. 



In two instances the development of 

 scald on the apples that were in the 

 barrels with shredded paper but out 

 of contact with the paper was little 

 different from that on the apples in the 

 untreated barrels, but in the other five 

 cases scald was decidedly reduced on 

 the apples in barrels with paper even 

 when out of contact with the paper. 



As compared with the apples in 

 contact with the paper, the scald 

 control on those out of contact with 

 it but near it was a decided failure. 

 The average for the seven tests gives 

 7 per cent of scald on the apples in 

 contact with the paper, 43 per cent on 

 the apples of the same barrels that 

 were near the paper but not in contact 

 with it, and 76 per cent for the apples 

 in the untreated barrels. 



The results show that careful and 

 thorough distribution of the paper is 

 essential to good scald control. It is 



also a decidedly vital matter in the 

 success of the shredded-paper treat- 

 ment in general. If packages that are 

 offered on the market as containing 

 shredded paper are found to have 40 

 per cent or more of the apples scalded 

 in certain parts of the barrel, the price 

 is liable to be set on the basis of the 

 poorest rather than the best of the 

 apples and the conclusion drawn that 

 the shredded paper has added nothing 

 to the market value of the fruit. 



One of the greatest obstacles in the 

 control of scald with shredded oiled 

 paper is the rather common habit with 

 growers and packers of running a large 

 quantity of apples into the barrel at 

 one time. This is done for the sake of 

 speed and because of the rush of work 

 during the packing season, but it pre- 

 cludes the successful use of the shredded 

 paper. If the paper is to be scattered 

 over the apples only between the runs, 

 good scald control requires that not 

 more than two layers of apples across 

 the barrel should be run in at one time, 

 and if the variety is particularly sus- 

 ceptible to scald, one layer of apples at 

 a time is much to be preferred. Small 

 runs and frequent shaking have a value, 

 aside from the control of scald, in the 

 way of producing a tighter pack that 

 is less likely to require plugging later 

 in the season. 



The shredded paper must always be 

 shaken apart before being thrown into 

 the barrel. Large mats and heavy 

 layers of paper not only prevent the 

 paper from having its full efficiency in 



