+4 
since the veins retain more moisture than the lamina and thus favor 
fungous growth more than the latter. This phenomenon is, however, 
very easily distinguished from that of the genuine ‘‘ white veins.” 
METHODS OF SWEATING. 
There are three methods of sweating practiced in the United States, 
Viz: 
(1) The natural sweat in cases. 
(2) The forced sweat in cases. 
(5) The sweating in bulk. 
The natural sweat is a slow process going ou in cases. The low tem- 
perature in winter and spring in conjunction with the limited access of 
air is, however, an unfavorable condition. Besides, the absence of an 
energetic Sweating process favors the growth of fungi upon the tobacco 
leaves when the tobacco has been packed too moist. The higher tem- 
perature used in the other two methods hastens the process of sweating 
and the development of aroma, and thus the tobacco can be put on the 
market a considerable time in advance of what could ordinarily have 
been done. The advantage of an early market is much desired by all 
packers. 
The ‘forced sweat in cases” requires about the same length of time 
as the ‘‘sweating in bulk.” A natural sweat for from six to ten months, 
followed by a sweating in bulk for from two to four weeks, is applied in 
Lancaster, Pa., for filler tobacco. Only when fear of must exists is 
new tobacco there at present subjected directly to the ‘‘forced sweat 
in cases,” and this process is sometimes followed by a short ‘‘sweating 
in bulk” when the color for the fillers has not become dark enough.! 
An important difference between the ‘‘sweating in bulk” and the 
‘sweating in cases” is the greater access of air in the former method. 
The amount of oxygen for the ‘‘sweating in cases” is restricted to that 
contained in the air of the cases? and in the air which enters through 
the sides and at the corners. By this lessening of the access of air 
the processes of oxidation are retarded and a considerable rise of tem- 
perature by the sweating itself is prevented. Hence, this method is 
carried on in rooms at from 37.7° to 43.3° C. (100-110° F.) without 
fear of undue spontaneous further rise in temperature in the tobacco 
'Dark fillers and light wrappers are at present in demand. A thorough sweat, 
although leading to a fine aroma, will also produce a dark color, hence the sweat 
has to be limited when wrappers of a light color are to be produced, This is one of 
the reasons that the wrappers are moistened with less water than the fillers before 
sweating. The tip of the leaf is better adapted for wrappers than the base or 
“heel,” as the tobacco manufacturer calls it, on account of its greater flexibility— 
produced by differences in the vascular bundles near the tip which consist mainly 
of spiral vessels, while near the base there are also pitted vessels. 
°This amount is small, as the tobacco leaves are packed in cases with the aid 
of a press. No pressure is applied for the fermentation in bulk, in order not to 
diminish the necessarily limited access of oxygen. 
/ 
