HISTORY OF CASHMIR. 3? 



ghavahana then returned to Cashmir, where the memory of his transmarine 

 expedition, says our Sanscrit guide, is still preserved on the banners, which 

 on particular occasions, are carried before the kings of Cashmir. 



The son of {he last prince, Sreshtasena,* also called Pravarasena, succeed- 

 ed his father: the Hindu record only commemorates his founding a temple 

 of Pravaresa; but Bedia-ad din makes considerable additions to his history: 

 according- to him, this prince established his mother on the vacant throne of 

 Khota, and extended his own authority to Khatai,Chin and Machin. He reign- 

 ed 30 years, and left his kingdom to his two sons HiRANYAt and Toramana ; 

 the former holding the superior station of the Sdmritjya, and the latter that 

 of the Yauvarajya, or being respectively Emperor and Ceesar, a division of 

 power of considerable antiquity amongst the Hindus, and one which, with 

 them, as well as with the Latin, Greek, or German princes, was often a 

 source of public contention : it proved to be so in the instance before us ; the 

 latter having proceeded to strike coinsj in his own name, the elder brother 

 took offence at the measure, and deposed the Yuvar/tja, and kept him in close 

 confinement. The wife of Toramana, who was pregnant at the time, effected 

 her escape,; and found shelter ari(P privacy in a potter's cottage, where she 

 was delivered of a son*: the boy was brought up by the potter as his own, 

 but his high birth betrayed itself, and he was a prince in all his sports and 

 amongst his play-fellows; his juvenile imperiousness having caught the at- 

 tention of Jayendra, his maternal uncle, then searching for his sister, led to 



* Sereshsain. — Abulfazl. t Heren. — Ibid. 



% Dinars : the word is Sanscrit, and although generally signifying a certain weight of gold, 

 also means as above, a gold coin perhaps of the weight of 32 rettis or about 40 grains. The 

 Dinar must have been common in Persia and Syria at the time of the Arabic invasion, as the 

 Arabs to whom an original coinage, was then unknown, adopted both it and the Dirhem or Dracli- 

 ma. According to the Ayin Acberi, the Dinar weighs one miscal, and is equal to 1 and 3-7th of a 

 Dirhem, which weighs from 10 to 5 miscals, or, at7g, the average giving a proportion of gold and 

 silver, as 1 to 10. According to Ferishta the Dinar was worth 2 Rupees, which will give us about 

 the same proportion. There is an evident etymological affinity between the Dinar of the Hindus 

 and the Denarius of the Romans : the latter, though originally a silver coin, was also of gold, and 

 the author of the Periplus named Adrian's, states, that Denarii, both gold and silver, were amongst 

 the articles exported from Europe and carried to Barijgaza or Baroach ; the Sanscrit, Dinar f may 

 therefore be derived from the Roman coin, 



