IS HISTORY OF CASHMIR, 



observed:* if he thus treated the vanquished with some contumely, he. 

 made amends by his munificence, for there was no part of India, where 



338,) the ancient Arachosia, and unquestionably a country in that direction, a country bordering 

 on India, to the northwest, and inhabited by impure or foreign tribes, famous also for its breed 

 of horses, a large strong breed of which is stdl reared in the countries between Persia and 

 India. Bhukhara is the Persian Bokhara or Bucharia ; the word rendered in the text Mussel- 

 man is written in the original 31ussuni or Mussulli : it is intended by our author as the name of 

 a person, for it occurs again in the reign of Lalitaditya's grandson Jayapira, who is said 

 in the original to have had Mussuni and others as chiefs of his nocturnal guard : at the same time 

 the recurrence of the name after such an interval, indicates rather more than one individual, and 

 is an argument in favor of its being a generic appellation : according to Narain Cul it should be 

 .Momunkhan, Governor or Prince of Bokhara: if he is right, it should be A l-mdimun of the house 

 of Abbas that is intended, and who long resided in KJtorasan, but about a century after the reign 

 of Laiitdditya, according to the chronology of our text : the correction that would thus be re- 

 quired does not however seem to be indispensible, as our author's history here, allowing for 

 national partialities, is very strongly supported by the general histories of the Mohammedan 

 writers. At this very period, or from 697 to 712, the generals of Hijaz, the Governor of Kho- 

 yasan, were engaged in active hostilities with their neighbours, both to the north and east, pr in 

 Bokhara and Cabul, the Hindu prince of which latter makes a distinguished figure in several 

 transactions, (Price s Mohammedan History, i. 454 &c.) Such a general coincidence is as much 

 as can be expected, for names are most deplorably disfigured by both Hindu and Mohamme- 

 dan writers, and events, especially when remote in place and time, are not investigated by either 

 with much accuracy or care. Lalitaditya's next route through Butan is rather a remote one, 

 except we suppose the name Bhoteas to be applied to the hill tnbes on the northern side of tire 

 Himalaya: the route is practicable enough, and would be much the same as that followed by the 

 Lamas in 1712, and by which a considerable intercourse between Cashmir and Chinese Tartary is 

 still maintained, (see Moorcroft's Travels) : that the Bhoteas are scattered through this line we 

 know from late authorities. Hamilton observes that the Bhoteas occupy every where between the 

 hills and the Tista the Alpine region on both sides of the Indus, (Hamiltons Nepal, 58) ; and 

 Traser mentions t\\aX Hymap, a valley, containing a great number of Bhotea villages, is only four 

 day's journey from the Capital of Cashmir (Frasefs Himala, 308) : however our author evidently 

 intends to carry his hero into Bootan proper, a journey of considerable extent although proba- 

 bly not so much so as it appears by the maps we yet possess ; Pragjyotish is considered to be 

 Gohati in Asam, (A. R. viii. 336,) the Stri Rajya is probably Tibet, where customs similar to 

 those of the Malabar 1ST airs prevail, (Turner 's Embassy, 319) ; it may however be Nepal or al-_ 

 most, any portion of the Himalaya, (Kirkjyatrick, 187, Fraser, 70, &c.) where the same prac- 

 tice exists, but as the march leads off from Asam apparently to the north, we may regard this 

 region to be Tibet. Of Lttara Curu.we shall have further occasion to speak. 



* The neighbouring Mussulmans like most Mohammedans indeed, do shave the centre of the 

 ;!i?ad still, and the people of the coast wear their lower garments long : that, these habits were 



