g 6 HISTORY OF CASHMIR. 



which he governed xai ryv xupyv "^ s sysvelo xdt r,(fiivog eTrerpeyev d-flyis dpy/siv 

 Wf>ax7,s7)s, iLhvbaiwi ryg Trailog eTrwvupov, but he does not indicate its locality 

 beyond the remark that Hercules was particularly venerated by the Sura- 

 seni, the people on the Jobares, whose chief cities were Methora and KUi- 

 sohora, these being in fact the Surasenus on the Jamuna, one of whose ca- 

 pital cities was Mafhura, and we might consequently suppose he meant by 

 the Pandcsa regio, the country along the western bank of the Jamuna. The 

 next authority, and who first speaks with precision of the situation of the 

 northern Pandyans, (for we need not here advert to the Pandion of the 

 Peninsula) is Ptolemy ; he fixes them at once in the Punjab, about the 

 Hydaspes, the Vitasta, or river of Cashmir ; Ilspj <£ rlv BiSe&snjv 75 IIANAilOT 

 (jrcv^ooucov) x^P**) Circa autem Bydaspum, Pandovorum regio ; a place, 

 where, agreeably to the views of the text, we might expect at the period of 

 the history of the 3Iahdbhdrat to find them. That they came originally from 

 Sogdicma would be also in harmony with our view of the subject, and 

 their occupation of the upper part of the Doab is matter of fact. It is also 

 probable that the same race extended themselves southward to Cambay and 

 Guzerat, and ultimately to Madura, in the south, known to the classical Geo- 

 graphers as Madura Pandionis, the various positions being all correct at 

 various epochs, and marking the migratory course of the descendants of 

 Pandu. The accounts gathered by Megasthenes, which are adopted by 

 Arrian and Pliny, of the customs of this country, and its traditionary 

 history, are obviously to be traced to Indian sources, and are connected 

 with the history of the Pdndavas. It was the only Indian country go- 

 verned by Queens they observe. We have a Stri Rdjyam, or feminine go- 

 vernment, frequently noticed in the text, but this lay to the east. The no- 

 tion seems really to have originated in the practice of one woman being mar- 

 ried to several husbands, a practice prevailing still throughout the Himalaya, 

 and of an antiquity prior to the marriage of the five Pasidava brethren to 

 Draijpadi ; Yudhishthir observing, in answer to the objection urged 

 by her father Drupada, that they only follow in this polyandrian marriage, 

 the path trod by other princes, "E^^rr^ "g^^^TTcf ^Jr'^Tfnf I! (Makabh. 

 Adi,._p.)W.e have seen above that the Pandean country, according to M.e- ; 



