104 HISTORY OF CASHMIR. 



of'Cashmir, or the site of the modern Durds: the term "however is ap- 

 plicable to any of the tribes inhabiting that portion of the great Indian 

 chain, as its import is merely, mountaineers, and the Dadicee as the con- 

 tiguous neighbours of the Gandarii 'were therefore probably the mountaineers 

 of Ghizui and Ghaur. In Ptolemy's time the position of the Durds, or as 

 lie calls them almost correctly, Daradvcs, was pretty accurately known ; 

 lie says 'Ttto Ss rag rou 'Ivttbu irr\yag AEPA AFAI, xo\ r] opavrj dulcov U7rep xetlau, 

 sub fontibus Indi, Daradrce, et horum montana superemment. Who 

 the Sattagydce and Apariice were, is not so satisfactorily traceable : if we 

 may take etymology as a guide they were Hindu tribes : Sattagydce, may 

 be resolved into Sdtgerhi, the district of the seven strong- holds, a sort of 

 nomenclature very common in India; and the Aparitce may be derived 

 from Apara, ulterior or western, or if Aparhartica, the reading of Isidore of 

 Charax be applied to the same people, as suggested by Major Reunell, we 

 may refer this to Apdrhataca, a low-lander, one not a mountaineer, in op- 

 position to the Ddradacas or Dadicm before mentioned : a more satisfactory 

 evidence of Hindu identity may be derived from the lists of countries ex- 

 tracted from original Sanscrit works, and published by Major Wilford in 

 the 8th volume of the Researches : amongst the northern countries (p. 340,) 

 and in a series including Gandhdr, we have the Sdtacas who may be the 



same as Sattagydce, and in another- groupe of a miscellaneous character, 

 but comprehending Balkh, Arachosia, &c. we have the Aparitas, a very close 

 approximation to the Aparyice of Herodotus. In short from these con- 

 siderations it appears that there is some reason to doubt the accuracy of 

 the opinion entertained by the able geographer of Herodotus, that the 7th 

 Satrapy consisting of the above tribes, lay to the west of Bactriana and 

 Aria, and that the Gandarii may be traced to a town called Caendar on 

 the frontiers of Khoiuarezm. (Geography of Herodotus 295 et seq) there 

 does not appear any occasion to seek for this Satrapy in so westerly a posi- 

 tion and as far as the Gandarii are concerned, their easterly situation rests 

 not only on Hindu but cfassical authorities. 



The Gandaritis of Strabo which furnishes 'an approximation to the 



