HISTORY OF CASHMIR. 105 



Gandarii of Herodotus is placed nearer even to the Indus than the modern 

 city of Candahar: he observes, it was watered by the Choaspes which falls 

 into the Cophenes : he has also a Gandaris which he places between the 

 Hydraoiis (the Ravi) and the Hydaspis, (the Beyah) and consequently to- 

 wards the eastern part of the Punjab. Ptolemy only notices the first position, 

 bringing it rather more to the west, unless as Salmaskis conjectures, his Su- 

 astus is the Cophenes of tSti-abo, and making the Indus the eastern bounda- 

 ry of the Gandari. " Inter Sims turn et Indum sunt Gandarce" The Hindu 

 system agrees with, and reconciles these different accounts, for according 1 

 to the MaMbhdral, the Gcmd/iari -are 'tiot only met with upon crossing the 

 Setlej, and proceeding towards the Airdvati(\lnv\) or where Strabo places 

 Gandaris, but they are scattered along with other tribes throughout the Pun- 

 jab, as far as to the Indus, when we approach Gandaritis. According also 

 to our text, one body of the Gandkari appear to occupy a division of their 

 own, on the last river, which is named after that very circumstance, Sindhu 

 Gandhdr, and these may have extended westward as far as the modern Can- 

 dahar. Pliny and Pomponius mela evidently intend a different people by 

 their Gandari,- or more properly Candari, who were & Sogdiannot an Indian 

 tribe, as Salmaskis observes, and as is stated by Ptolemy. These may 

 perhaps be referred ^to the Caender of Major Rennell, but analogies 

 resting on a supposed similarity of sound, are very fallacious, as D 'An- 

 ville has shewn, when -he -criticises De JZarros for inferring that Candahar 

 was one of the cities built by Alexander, of whose- name its appellation was 

 a corruption : the city being called corruptamente Candar, havendo de 

 ; dizer Scandar, nome per que os Persas chamam Alexandre (Decade iv. 

 Jvi. c. i.) when at the same time he falls into a like error, and derives Cauda- 

 Mr from Kond on Kami qui dans le Persan designe une Fortresse (Anti- 

 quite geographique de LTInde .;; a meaning which ±x, the word being written 

 ^I'oJJ no where possesses. De Ba/rosds not singular, for D'Herbelot has 

 the same conjecture, respecting the origin of Candahar, and he is followed 

 Jjy Meninskk but the name of Alexander j>X. is never written by the 

 orientals with the Arabic J, the initial of Candahar, and it was no doubt 



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