1O0 HISTORY OF CASHMIR. 



employed to express the harder sound of the Tiin the Hindi nameTi^TTT ; 

 the aspirate also is preserved in both these words whilst none is to be 

 found in Alexander's name. 



The confusion arising from an inaccurate mode of writing or reading 

 names, prevailed as much amongst ancient as modern writers, and in 

 classical authors much unnecessary perplexity has been occasioned, by 

 their erroneously confounding the Gandaritce or Gandaridce of the Pun- 

 jab, with the Gangaridce or the nations along the river Ganges. They 

 seem indeed to have gathered scattered notices of places and nations 

 from different sources, perhaps originally tolerably accurate, but which 

 were distracted and confounded in the hands of the writers themselves. 

 Something of this nature occurs in the Periplus of Arrian. Between Ba- 

 rygazce, unquestionably as has been shewn by Dr. Vincent, Baroach, and 

 Baclria, he places various nations as to t= t ov Asxrpi'ajv *a» YcLyjartoj *ai 

 TavQupaywv kcli tt)s IIfox\tiogh Zi S \ B*x£.p-jiX3j AXsfavSpsja xai rsrco'v ef avio 

 &Qvo$ HxKlpidvwv. The author as Dr. Vincent observes is a better merchant than 

 a historian, and it maybe added, than a geographer, beyond the maritime dis- 

 tricts : his meaning however is clear enough, and he passes fromGuzeratto 

 the Punjab, as appears by the situation he has given Alexandria Bucephalos, 

 which according to Strabo was built upon the Hydaspes. Prodis is possibly 

 the same with the Proclais of Ptolemy and Peucolais of Strabo, supposed by 

 Major Rennell to be the modern Pekheli (Memoir of a Map ofHindostan, 

 171). The Tantliaragi, Salmasius conjectures with probability to be an er- 

 ror for Gaudaridds. The Rachosi inhabit most probably the Roh Cuj of the 

 Purdnas identified by Col. Wilford with Arachosia (A. R. vol. viii. 336.) and 

 it only remains to dispose of the Aratri, which we are able to do most sa- 

 tisfactorily, the Mahdbhdrat declaring that the countries situated upon the 

 Satadru (Setlej), Vipasa (Beyah), Airdvati (Ravi), Chandrabhaga (Chinab), 

 Vilastd (Jelum), and the Sindhu (Indus), and without the range oftheifo'- 

 mdlaya, are all called Araitds, ^cT^ frtnJTJ ^ 7£cfttnrjW"<ft t^rx I ^ITnTTfeTfl 

 ^THf fmt-^t <[ff f?R: U ^l^TT IF % tspre^Cinn^W | Mahdbhdrat 



