HISTORY OF CASHMIR. j 7 



Kerna Par. One of their cities, Sdcala, is palpably the same with one of 

 the Pdndava cities of Ptolemy, or Sagata. 



We have in the Mahdbhdrat another people of the Punjab, intimately con- 

 nected with these tribes, the Madras, and whom we may endeavour to trace 

 in classical writers. They are sometimes confounded with the Gandhdras, but 

 are really distinct, having a different sovereign, and being both separately 

 mentioned in various lists of the northern countries : the nearest classical ap- 

 proximation to them is the Mardi of Pliny, the mountaineers bordering on Bac- 

 tria, who, Major Rennell supposes were the mountaineers of Gaur. (Geo- 

 graphy of Herodotus 283). Major Rennell following Monsr. Tf Anville infers 

 from the repeated occurrence of this name to designate various fierce intract- 

 able tribes, that it was the generic name of such nations. Monsr. D'Anville 

 too derives it from the Persian (■>..<<») mard, a man, "un termequi appartient 

 a plusieurs idiomes de l'orient et entre autres le Persan, pour designer au 

 propre ce que vir designe en Latin, se prenant aussi pour 1'equivalent de 

 JBellator, et meme dans une qualification injuKeirse comme celle de Itebelli" 

 he connects also the character of these people with the old stories of Marti- 

 chora, the man-eaters of Ktesias, to whomTHEVENOT found a modern pa- 

 rallel in some Indian tribes of the Dekhan, and who were denominated Mardi 

 Coura ou mangeurs d'hommes by their neighbours. It might be inferred 

 that Ktesias intends Ma^ppa which he explains Anthropophagos, to be the 

 Indian denomination of his man-eating monster, but as he received his fables 

 through a Persian medium, he has retained the Persian not the Indian name 

 fofeLb-'yt% from Mard, a man, and Khor, who eats : for this particular notion, a 

 source is easily found in the Rdcshasas or fiends of the Hindus, and the le- 

 gend relating; to the sons of Vasisht'ha, who were all devoured by Calma- 

 shapada, whichis told in the Mahdbhdrat, and the scene of which lies in the 

 Punjab, might have furnished Ktesias with the fiction in question. 



Monsr. D'Anville observes " n'est on pas fort etonne que dans un pays ou 



-par un principe de religion tres ancien, l'abstinence en nournture de toule 



N 2 



