140 ACCOUNT OF BHUTAN. 



He rules 9-32 of the country and has eight Dwars, and six Zimpes or infe- 

 rior officers under his orders, viz. Bagdwar, or Burra Bijnu, Kundu, or 

 P'hulguri raled by Jonga Zimpe. Dunsakkha to which is attached 

 the low-land of Pusakha and Arritti : Tongsi gang, to which is attached 

 Kalin Dwar called Hapdwar in the low-land ; Rotu with Chinka Dwar, 

 Gurguma ruled by Radi Zimpe and Kyabari ; and besides these he 

 has authority over four Zimpes in the hills, and he also has under hiin 

 Officers of the same description as the Deb Raja. 31-32d parts of Bhu- 

 tan in point of extent are in this way in the hands of the Pilos, Zumpes, 

 &c. the Deb Raja holding Khas l-64th part, and the Dherma Raja about 

 the same, or 1-32 of the whole country between them. Tangso Pilo pays 

 altogether about 3500 or 4000, and some articles of different kinds. 



The fort of Punakha is situated between two rivers just above their 

 junction. To the west of it upon a hill there is another fort distant 

 about two coss. At Andipur there is also a fort situated above the 

 junction of the same river that flows past Punakha with another stream 

 falling into it from the eastward ; the former is called the Piishu, and the 

 latter the Muslm. At Dosim there is a fort on the south side of a river. 



At Tassisujon there is a fort on the west bank of the Chaushu. To the west 

 of Tassisujon within half a coss there are two forts on the same hill. At Para- 

 gang there is a fort and also at Tangso and Tagna. These are the chief forts 

 in the country, but the inferior officers have also at their residences, squares, 

 surrounded on four sides with stone walls. The above Pilos have the 

 largest garrisons, as they live all the year round at the same place. 



To the north-west of Tassisujon and to the west there are two forts ; 

 the first called Desiphiita, which are inhabited by a few officiating 

 Priests and Gelums. When the court is at Tassisujon, if the weather hap- 

 pen to become uncommonly warm, they go up to Desiphuta. The fort of 

 Tassisujon remains empty during the cold weather. At that season from 

 the month of Assin to Bysakh, all round the above forts, and as far as Chip- 

 cha, the country on both sides of the river is covered with snow, and the 



