190 



ON ORISSA PROPER 



tion to the two last, rank next below the pure Sudra, is composed as fol- 

 lows, viz. 



Ooria 



Sanscrit, 



Occupations. 



Mali, 



Malacara, 



Gardener. 



Lobar, 



Karmakara, 



Iron smith. 



Sankari, 



Sanchaciira, 



Worker in shells. 



Tanti, 



Tantravaya, 



Weaver. 



Kiimhar, 



Cumbhacara, 



Potter. 



Kansari, 



Cansacara, 



$Brazier or rather worker 

 c in bell metal. 



Barhai, 



Sutracara, 



Carpenter. 



Chitrkar, 



Chitracara, 



Painter. 



Sonar, 



Swernacara, 



Goldsmith. 



Kewat, 



Caiverta, 



Fisherman. 



Bed, 



Vaidya, 



Physician. 



Mainti, 



Cararia, 



The Writer or Secretary class. 



Bawari, 



Berbera, or Berber, Labourers. 



Chandal, 



Chandala, 



C performs the lowest and 



The last mentioned, the Chandal, is described to be the offspring of a 

 Sudra father and Brahmin mother, and is considered here as elsewhere, to 

 be the most degraded of the human species. Some make the founders of 

 the first nine trades to have sprung from Viswakarma by a Sudra woman; 

 and the physician they derive from the cohabitation of the god Aswini- 

 kumar with a Brahmin female. The Pathariya or stone cutter and Kutwya 

 or sawyer are likewise introduced into some enumerations, as forming se- 

 parate trades, of the same origin with the carpenter and iron smith. 



A second set is derived from the promiscuous intercourse of the above 

 casts with each other, and are as follows ; 



