r OR CUTTACK. 



portion of Orissan history, I should observe that the word in all the original 

 Una accounts is written Jaban, and the natives whom I have employed 

 to translate both these and the Sanscrit Vansavalis, always render it Mogul. 

 Whd they really were, if they ever entered the country at all, may be plau- 

 sibly guessed in some instances from their being said to come from Babul 

 Des and Cashmir, by which the Hindus understand generally Persia, Aff- 

 ghanistan, and part of Tartary. Nothing however can exceed the loose- 

 ness and confusion of my authorities, in speaking of countries and nations 

 beyond their own immediate frontier. They often bring the Yavanas* from 

 Delhi, by which appellation they seem to point to some great monarchy on 

 monarchies lying to the northward and westward, of which they have pre- 

 served an indistinct notion, rather than to the particular city so named. Dr. 

 Buchanan has remarked a similar degree of confusion on this same point in 

 the historical recollections of the brahmins of the southern countries of In- 

 dia. He observes, vol. iii. page J 13, chapter xv. "Who were these Yava- 

 nas ? The word properly signifies an European, but as the Hindus speak 

 with great confusion concerning the northern and western nations, it is often 

 confounded with the Mlechchas and Turks, Arabs or Tartars, and all these 

 terms are frequently applied to the Mussulman." 



t Next in the series of kings, comes Raja Bhoja, who is made to reign 127 

 years, that is from about B. C. 180 to B. C. 53. He was, according to the 

 Orissan Chronicles, a brave, liberal, just and merciful prince. He conquered 

 the whole of India and took tribute from all the Rajas of it. His Court was 

 adorned by the presence of 750 eminent poets, the chief of whoni was Cali- 

 dasa, author of the 752 Ashloks called the Chanak or Chataka, and Maha' 

 IVataka. Raja Bhoja invented boats, the weavers' loom, and wheeled car- 

 riages, or at least in his time the use of them first became common. In this : 

 reign the Yavanas from Sjndhu Des invaded the country in great force 



P The section before quoted from the 10th chapter of the Institutes of Menu, distinctly classes • 

 Yavanas as oue of the degraded races of Cshatriyas or Hindus. 



' : " •■•""' ■ = r ' Og? • 



