354 COURSE AND LEVELS 



same fruit in England. Of grains they have the usual varieties, most of 

 which are mentioned by Mr. Moorcroft. Wheat, barley, chenna, paphro, 

 ora; of these the latter is valuable for its hardiness, flourishing in climates 

 where no other grain will live. Barley is found at great elevations also. 

 Of wheat they do not appear to have much. 



The people of Kanawer are tall and rather handsome, with expressive 

 countenances ; they are not, however, so fair as I should have expected to 

 find them in so cold a climate. Their manners are good ; they are open 

 and communicative without being deficient in respect. They are almost all 

 traders, and consequently great travellers, visiting Leh, Garu, and the other 

 marts, chiefly for salt and wool. Their exports are grain, much of which 



they receive from the lower mountains, raisins, neozas, iron, and broad 

 cloth, which they obtain at Kotgerh, &c. They possess a degree of wealth 

 and consequence which no other mountain tribe has attained to ; their lan- 

 guage is essentially different from that of the Tartars, and has even no affi- 

 nity with the other mountain dialects ; whether it be related to any of the 

 dialects of the south is a point on which 1 am unable to offer any opinion. 



The Rocks of Kanawer are those of the snowy chain : a large river like 

 the Setlej, penetrating through this chain and with its numerous feeders 

 laying bare the order and varieties of its parts, and displaying so clearly 

 their structure, offers a field for research which promises to repay any Geo- 

 logist who shall devote his exclusive attention to ijt. My duty as Surveyor 

 left me little time for attending to these matters, feven if my acquaintance 

 with the subject had fitted me for the enquiry. Such obvious appearances as 

 must strike the most unobserving 1 may mention. On the pass we had cross- 

 ed, the only rock is a blackish gneiss of a fine grain, and imperfectly lami- 

 nated. In the bed of the Baspa, rolled pieces of granite of every variety are 

 to be met with; and in the journey upwards, granite occurs frequently, as 

 also gneiss, quartz, and clay and mica slate. At Murang the granite is ex- 

 changed for clay slate, which continues for a considerable distance, and to 



