OF THE RIVER SETLEJ. 355 



a great elevation (13,000.) In the bed of the river where this change takes 

 place, mica slate of a dark brown color and horny structure is met with 

 in large masses, and quartz also, both semi- crystallized and perfectly so. The 

 clay slate, which continues from Murang through varying levels, is ex- 

 changed for granite again at Dabling, and this further on, for a very fine 

 grained and imperfectly marked gneiss of a blueish grey colour. To the 

 north of Shipki and in the Tartar Purgunnah of tjangarang, the mountains 

 are of a rounded form and apparently composed of clay slate. The speci- 

 mens which I have the honor to lay before the Society, may perhaps enable 

 some Mineralogist to give a more correct and detailed account of this matter. 



Kanawer is divided into several Purgunnahs, but they are too minute 

 to be worth particularizing. The upper part is divided into two, Sua and 

 Tukba, the latter of which is again subdivided into upper and lower. Sua 

 or Siiang, extends along the right bank of the Setlej, and Tukba along 

 the left, that is the upper Tukba ; the lower comprehends the valley of the 

 Biispa, and contains the following villages : 



Kamru or Mohni, about - - - - - 70 or 80 Houses. 



Singla, - - - - - - - - - *■ 70 or 80 ditto. 



Chilkul, - „_-„-.--_- .4 ditto. 



Rakchan, - _--,.___--- -2 ditto. 



Barsini, - ,.___-_,_-_ ,-1 ditto. 



The last three are towards the head of the river; Chilkul being three 

 days march of about seven miles each ; Rakchan about seven miles, and 

 Barsini about three miles, or two and a half. There is a pass beyond Chil- 

 kul, to Nilang, on the Jaranbbi, (a place I visited in August, 1818,) by 

 a route leading up the river bed. A man of the Chilkul village, was 

 pointed out to me who had traversed this pass, he described it as present-* 

 ing a series of difficulties of the worst kind. He travelled four days (from 



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