376 COURSE AND LEVELS 



Guru, or rather between the two governments, for the Deba is relieved 

 every seven years. The name of the present Deba is Karma Namdyang. 



Leh or Le is the capital of Ladak. It is fifteen or sixteen days journey 

 from Garu, although on horseback it may be performed in five or six days. 

 From Skalkar in Hangarang there is a nearer road which leads through 

 the purgunnah of Spiti in Ladak. Leh is situated about north from Shipki, 

 Garu about east. 



In the afternoon we proceeded to look at the river, the distance of which 

 was one mile and a half in a northerly direction. It is not fordable ; the 

 depth being about six feet and the current rapid ; the width is sixty-seven 

 feet. There is a jhula, or suspension bridge, formed of ozier twigs ; it mea- 

 sures 115 feet between the points of support. The descent was latterly steep 

 and we found the difference of level as determined from boiling water 1056 

 ieet, so that the river bed here has an elevation of 9107 feet above the sea, 



Thermometer as yesterday 33? 5\ A Tartar Beapari was introduced to 

 us to-day who spoke Hindustani, and in conversing with whom therefore 

 we had no occasion for an interpreter. He was of Mary um, a village four 

 daysjourney beyond Mansarowar, his name Chang Ring Jing. Mansarowar, 

 he told us, is a snowy range ; the lake being called Matalae, but this must 

 have been a mistake, as Sarowar signifies the same as Talae. However I 

 mention it as it may serve to throw light on the story of the Dabling Lama 

 as to four rivers originating there. This man then who was born and has 

 lived so near the place in question, says that no river originates in the lake, 

 but that from Mansarowar, which he calls a cluster of snowy peaks, pro- 

 ceed four rivers : 1. Lang Jing (Setlej) to west and south ; 2. Tamjok to the 

 west and north; 3. Sing Jing (Indus) to Ladak between the two preceding ; 

 and 4. Mamjo or Mamjok opposite the preceding towards Gerhwal. The 

 Spiti river, or right branch of the Setlej, he says, rises about eight or nine 

 days journey from its confluence with the left branch. 



