41G COURSE AND LEVELS 



of route are however very short and very variable in direction, a defect of 

 this method as applied in this particular instance. In order however to re- 

 present the fall of the river I have supposed it to form an orthographic 

 projection on the plain of section and as this latter is in most cases paral- 

 lel to the river's course, it will not occasion any considerable distortion. 

 Where however such does occur it js noted in the section. 



13. It now only remains that I should notice briefly the principal results. 

 At Shipki the river bed is elevated 10,005 feet ; at Namja Jhula 8854. The 

 mean is 9430 winch may be considered the elevation of the intermediate* 

 point. At Spara Wodar again the elevation is 5336' feet ; and at Wongtu 

 Jhula 5289. The mean of these, 5313 is taken as the elevation also of the 

 intermediate point. Now the distance by the Map is 60 miles or allowing 

 6^ for the devious windings of a mountain river 70 ; the fall is 4119 feet, or 

 59 feet, nearly, per mile. Again, at JBatorah the level is 2181 feet, and at 

 Suni 2083 feet; mean 2132, or below Wongtu 3181 feet. The distance 

 being 53 (or corrected 62) gives a fall of 51 feet nearly. The present 

 survey of the river terminated at Suni but judging from the analogy of 

 other rivers, I infer that it has a further fall of 1000 feet to 1200, before it 

 reaches the plains, in a course of about 56 miles. The total fall from Shipki 

 would then be about 8400 feet. Captain Webb in his visit to the Niti 

 Pass informs us (Journal of Science, vol. ix.) that the bed of the Setlej has 

 there an elevation of 14,924 feet. This is 5494 feet higher than the level 

 near Shipki. The course of the river would appear to be about 1 10 miles, so 

 that here also the fall is between 50 and 60 feet per mile. At Shipki the 

 river has a mean width of about 100 feet ; the depth I did not measure, but 

 I should suppose it to be about 6 feet. These data, with the above fall, 

 usin 0- the Chevalier De Buat's formula would indicate a velocity of about 

 200 feet in the second, or nearly 12 miles an hour; a result certainly too 

 JiHi. From Lari to the confluence, the fall of the right branch or Spiti 

 River is 2341 feet; the distance being 33 miles or corrected as before 38. 

 Here therefore the fall is 82 feet 5 inches per mile. A course of 50 or 60, 



