of thb Hindus. 69 



though not all in the fame places, with three of thofe invented by David 

 Mostare, as a fubflitute for the troublefome gamut ufed in his time, 

 and which he arranges thus : 



Bo, ce, di, ga, lo, ma, ni. 

 As to the notation of melody, fince every Indian confonant includes by 

 its nature the fhort vowel a, five of the founds are denoted by fingle con- 

 fonanrs, and the two others have different fhort vowels taken from their 

 full names ; by fubftituting long vowels, the time of each note is doubled, 

 and other marks are ufed for a farther elongation of them ; the 

 octaves above and below the mean fcale, the connection and acce- 

 leration of notes, the graces of execution or manners of fingering 

 the inftrument, are expreffed very clearly by fmall ciicles and ellipfes,. 

 by little chains, by curves, by flraight lines horizontal or perpendi- 

 cular, and by crefcents, all in various portions : the clofe of a ftrain 

 is diflinguifhed by a lotos-flower ; but the time and meafure are deter- 

 mined by the profody of the verfe and by the comparative length of each 

 fyllable, with which every note or ailemblage of notes refpectively.corref- 

 ponds. If I underfland the native muiicianSj they have not only the 

 ckromatick, but even the fecond, or new, enharmonick, genus; for they 

 unanimoufly reckon twenty-two irutis, or quarter's and thirds of a tone, 

 in their octave : they do not pretend that thofe minute intervals are mathe- 

 matically equal, but confider them as equal in practice, and allot them to 

 the feveral notes in the following order; toy^, ma, and pa, four ; to ri and dha 

 three; to ga and ni, two; giving very fmooth and figniiicant names to- 

 each sruti. Their original fcale, therefore, ftands thus. 



Sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dba y ni, fa. 



4<* 3* 2i as is 3^ . 2* 



