RAISED BEACHES, CLIFF AND RUBBLE HEADS. 229 



elevation, in size and in form, but as you have seen by the 

 tables, they belong to the low series of levels. On the east 

 side there is more irregularity if we take the whole east 

 coast, but we can, by dividing the coast into two parts, viz., 

 from St. Martin's to town, and from town to Fort Doyle, 

 reduce the patches of beach to regular series. 



The first division from St. Martin's to town contains the 

 raised beaches, invariably in one condition and in one posi- 

 tion. They are all mere patches. They extend in a broken 

 line along the bottom of the cliff, with the cliff-head resting 

 on them. The line which they describe is rarely more than 

 two feet thick, and is in many places but one foot. These 

 appear to be the very last remains of extensive beaches, and 

 to be just on the point of disappearing. In elevation they are 

 undoubtedly of low level agreeing with those of Fermain 

 Bay, the level of which has been ascertained to be 25 feet. 

 They also agree in being, all along the coast, associated with a 

 well marked rock platform. 



From town to Fort Doyle each patch seems to deserve 

 special study, for they vary in their conditions. 



At the Bouet the beach is a flat one. Its elevation has 

 not been taken because it has not been exposed except in 

 excavations. From what I have heard I believe that it is 

 extensive, with a maximum depth of 8 feet, and to be covered 

 with sand or sandy clay. The association of this covering 

 sand with the cliff and rubble-heads has still to be determined. 

 Several levels have been taken near to this subterranean 

 beach, and from them I judge that it is a low level one, viz. : 

 averaging 25 feet above mean sea level. 



At the Tunnel quarry also sand only seems to be asso- 

 ciated with the beach. The case is different with the patches 

 extending from Spur Point to Fort Doyle. Here we meet 

 with raised beaches on the land, in the quarries and on the 

 Hommets at an apparent elevation of 25 feet, all covered with 

 a low rubble head, which seems identical with the cliff-heads 

 of the south and east coasts, except in the height, which is 

 wanting, owing to the absence of high ground. Following on 

 the low levels for the moment, we find them more or less 

 associated with rubble-heads all down the west coast, and in 

 some places, such as Port Grat and Port Soif, the foreshore 

 gives ample proof of the former existence of an extensive 

 covering of rubble-head containing stones of comparatively 

 large size. I think, therefore, that we have evidence of the 

 25 feet level, being fairly regular in elevation, being always 

 succeeded in order by a cliff or rubble-head. It is also asso- 



