RAISED BEACHES, CLIFF AND RUBBLE HEADS. 233 



usual to find that portion of it which I have designated 

 rubble-head. 



Portions of the formation are present in some parts of 

 the island and not in others. For instance, I have found in 

 several places at St. Saviour's and at the Yale formations 

 answering to the rubble-band, but without any other portion 

 of the head. In others I have found the rubble and clay. In 

 others again the clay, or clay and clayey sand, is found with- 

 out rubble. 



As far as my observations guide me, I believe that the 

 order I have described is maintained all the island over, that 

 is, that the yellow clay is always above the rubble band, and 

 the rubble band above clayey sand containing loose stones. 

 The presence of stones in the clays help to determine the 

 layer to which they belong. The lower sandy clay is full of 

 rubble, whilst the upper clay deposit contains but few, and in 

 many cases, none at all. 



I have come to the conclusion that at one time cliff-head 

 or some of its component parts covered the island completely. 



THE RELATION OF THE " HEAD " TO THE RAISED BEACHES. 



The 25 feet level beach is invariably found under the 

 whole of the head, in fact it rests directly upon the rock 

 wherever it occurs. 



The Capelles series (50 feet) also rests on rock, but is 

 different in this sense, that it rests on the sides of rock out- 

 crop and on flat out-crop platforms chiefly. It is not directly 

 covered with " head," but is at times associated with quite 

 modern deposits. This series seems to rest on the tops of 

 " hougues," on their sides and in their hollows. 



The Rouvets series appear to be chiefly in association 

 with the upper rubble-head, but the number of deposits so far 

 found (3) is insufficient to justify any positive assertion. 



The upper clay has been found (in common with the 

 upper portion of the rubble band) to contain numbers of 

 pebbles. These occur at all elevations. For instance, at the 

 Vale, opposite Omptolle islet, Mr. Carey found the elevation 

 of such a deposit to be 32*60 feet. Another patch, higher up 

 the same hill, was at 35 5 2 feet elevation. Another place in 

 the same hill was estimated as at 38 feet. At Divette pebbles 

 are found in the clay at 39 feet. At various places on the 

 rise of the west coast I have seen them in clay or rubble at 

 elevations of from 20 to 40 feet. 



On the upper plateau of the island I have found them on 

 the slopes of Pleinmont and tracked them to its summit, so 



