20 



Table 6 presents an instructive comparison of the total cut of each 

 species in 1900 and in 1907, the average value of the lumber at the 

 mill, the average stumpage price in each year, and the ratio of stump- 

 age to lumber prices in 1907. The order is that of the value of the 

 lumber per thousand feet in 1907. The percentage increase has been 

 much greater in stumpage prices than in lumber prices, but, on the 

 other hand, the actual increase in lumber prices has been greater 

 than that in stumpage prices. 



SHINGLES. 



Many woods are used to some extent for shingles, but the market 

 is dominated by cedar shingles, of which there are two kinds, the 

 white cedar, or arbor vitse of the Northeastern and Lake States, 

 and the western red cedar, or giant arbor vitse of the Pacific coast. 

 Of the production of 11,824,475,000 shingles in 1907, the western 

 cedar supplied over three-fifths, and the eastern cedar about one- 

 tenth. Ten per cent of the shingles were of cypress, and 7 per cent 

 and 5 per cent, respectively, of redwood and 3'ellow pine. Much 

 more cedar is used for shingles than for other purposes, while with 

 other woods shingles are frequently a by-product of lumber manu- 

 facturing. 



LATH. 



Lath are usually a by-product of lumber manufacturing, and so 

 do not of themselves constitute an additional drain upon the forests. 

 While some lath are made from nearly every wood that is cut into 

 lumber, most of the 3,663,000,000 lath manufactured in 1907 were 

 of white pine, yellow pine, hemlock, Douglas fir, spruce, and cypress. 



FIREWOOD. 



It is estimated that approximately 75 million cords of wood, 

 exclusive of mill waste, are consumed annually for fuel in the United 

 States, most of it, of course, for domestic purposes upon farms in 

 the regions where wood is relatively abundant and cheap and coal 

 difficult to obtain or high in price. A great deal of wood is burned 

 everywhere, except on the Great Plains, w^here, since there is almost 

 no timber at all, such a use is impossible. Much of the firewood is 

 cut from farmers' woodlots, and has little value for other purposes. 

 On the other hand, good hardwood timber which could be used for 

 lumber or other purposes is often cut into firewood. 



POLES, POSTS, AND RAILS. 



Some 3^ milUon round ])oles exceeding 20 feet in length are used 

 annually by telegraph, telephone, and other electric companies. Over 



[Cir. 166] 



