﻿28 
  WORKING 
  PLAN 
  FOR 
  FOREST 
  LANDS 
  NEAR 
  PINE 
  BLUFF, 
  ARK. 
  

  

  hardwoods 
  were 
  cut, 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  most 
  fortunate 
  circumstance 
  that 
  even 
  

   after 
  ordinary 
  lumbering- 
  the 
  pine 
  will 
  eventually 
  predominate, 
  for 
  

   the 
  simple 
  reason 
  that 
  the 
  locality 
  is 
  one 
  naturally 
  suited 
  to 
  it. 
  

  

  Only 
  those 
  silvieultural 
  operations 
  are 
  allowable 
  which 
  are 
  justified 
  

   by 
  future 
  returns. 
  In 
  this 
  particular 
  case 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  

   very 
  slight 
  expense 
  caused 
  by 
  leaving 
  an 
  occasional 
  seed 
  tree 
  and 
  main- 
  

   taining 
  a 
  system 
  of 
  fire 
  protection 
  is 
  well 
  justified 
  by 
  the 
  increase 
  in 
  

   value 
  which 
  will 
  result 
  to 
  the 
  future 
  stand. 
  Anything 
  beyond 
  this 
  

   would 
  involve 
  a 
  present 
  expense 
  without 
  the 
  certainty 
  of 
  an 
  improve- 
  

   ment 
  in 
  the 
  forest 
  which 
  would 
  pay 
  for 
  it. 
  

  

  Occurrence. 
  — 
  In 
  the 
  present 
  composition 
  of 
  the 
  forest 
  the 
  Shortleaf 
  

   Pine 
  occurs 
  most 
  frequently 
  by 
  single 
  specimens, 
  although 
  found 
  at 
  

   times 
  in 
  small 
  groups. 
  It 
  is 
  almost 
  invariably 
  associated 
  with 
  the 
  

   hardwoods, 
  seldom 
  forming 
  pure 
  stands. 
  In 
  the 
  future 
  forest 
  the 
  

   occurrence 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  should 
  be 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  by 
  groups, 
  and 
  by 
  

   groups 
  constantly 
  increasing 
  in 
  size. 
  Such 
  will 
  be 
  the 
  case 
  if 
  fire 
  is 
  

   kept 
  out. 
  

  

  Development. 
  — 
  Under 
  ordinary 
  forest 
  conditions 
  this 
  species 
  pro- 
  

   duces 
  a 
  long 
  and 
  straight 
  cylindrical 
  bole, 
  having 
  at 
  times 
  a 
  clear 
  

   length 
  of 
  nearly 
  6<> 
  feet. 
  The 
  crown 
  is 
  irregular 
  in 
  shape, 
  approach 
  

   ing 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  a 
  truncated 
  cone, 
  and 
  the 
  stem 
  has 
  a 
  tendency 
  to 
  fork 
  

   near 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  crown. 
  The 
  height 
  of 
  merchantable 
  trees 
  varies 
  

   from 
  70 
  to 
  120 
  feet. 
  Trees 
  over 
  -to 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter 
  breasthigh 
  are 
  

   very 
  rarely 
  met 
  with. 
  

  

  The 
  accompanying 
  diagrams 
  illustrate 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  Shortleaf 
  

   Pine. 
  They 
  are 
  simply 
  graphic 
  presentations 
  of 
  the 
  figures 
  obtained 
  

   from 
  the 
  stem 
  analyses. 
  

  

  Relation 
  of 
  diameter 
  to 
  height- 
  — 
  This 
  curve 
  shows 
  the 
  relation 
  

   between 
  the 
  diameter 
  and 
  the 
  height 
  growth 
  of 
  Shortleaf 
  and 
  Loblolly 
  

   Pine, 
  since 
  the 
  two 
  species 
  exhibit 
  no 
  marked 
  difference 
  in 
  this 
  respect. 
  

   As 
  can 
  be 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  curve, 
  the 
  height 
  increases 
  very 
  rapidly 
  with 
  

   diameters 
  up 
  to 
  5 
  or 
  6 
  inches. 
  The 
  rate 
  then 
  diminishes 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  

   uniform 
  manner 
  until 
  the 
  largest 
  diameters 
  are 
  reached. 
  (See 
  fig. 
  -i.) 
  

  

  Relation 
  of 
  afft 
  to 
  (Jin 
  meter. 
  — 
  The 
  relation 
  between 
  age 
  and 
  diameter 
  

   breasthigh 
  is 
  here 
  shown 
  for 
  both 
  Shortleaf 
  and 
  Loblolly 
  Pine. 
  

  

  The 
  diameter 
  of 
  the 
  Shortleaf 
  increases 
  very 
  regularly 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  

   hundred 
  years, 
  after 
  which 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  increase 
  begins 
  gradually 
  to 
  

   fall 
  off. 
  For 
  the 
  first 
  hundred 
  years 
  the 
  average 
  time 
  required 
  to 
  

   grow 
  1 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter 
  is 
  five 
  and 
  one-half 
  years. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  

   from 
  the 
  curve 
  that 
  if 
  I'J, 
  inches 
  be 
  taken 
  as 
  the 
  cutting 
  limit, 
  Short 
  

   leaf 
  Pine 
  first 
  becomes 
  merchantable 
  after 
  sixty-two 
  years. 
  (See 
  fig. 
  5.) 
  

  

  Relation 
  of 
  age 
  to 
  height. 
  — 
  The 
  height 
  growth 
  for 
  both 
  Shortleaf 
  

   and 
  Loblolly 
  Pine 
  is 
  represented 
  in 
  this 
  diagram. 
  For 
  Shortleaf 
  the 
  

   height 
  growth 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  uniform 
  and 
  quite 
  rapid 
  for 
  the 
  first 
  

   twenty 
  years, 
  after 
  which 
  period 
  the 
  rate 
  gradually 
  diminishes. 
  For 
  

  

  