﻿SILVIClLTURAL 
  NOTES. 
  

  

  37 
  

  

  of 
  affording 
  the 
  largest 
  returns 
  in 
  the 
  future 
  should 
  be 
  favored 
  in 
  every 
  

   way 
  possible. 
  

  

  The 
  only 
  advantage 
  which 
  the 
  Shortleaf 
  possesses 
  over 
  the 
  Loblolly 
  

   Pine 
  is 
  that 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  Shortleaf 
  Pine 
  lumber 
  commands 
  a 
  

   slightly 
  higher 
  price 
  than 
  Loblolly, 
  owing 
  principally 
  to 
  the 
  greater 
  

   amount 
  of 
  sapwood 
  in 
  the 
  Loblolly. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  Loblolly 
  

   ha- 
  the 
  following 
  great 
  advantages 
  over 
  the 
  Shortleaf: 
  

  

  (1) 
  The 
  reproduction 
  is 
  easier 
  to 
  obtain, 
  because 
  Loblolly 
  endures 
  

   more 
  shade 
  during 
  extreme 
  youth 
  and 
  so 
  has 
  a 
  better 
  chance 
  in 
  the 
  

   struggle 
  with 
  the 
  hardwoods. 
  

  

  (2) 
  The 
  rate 
  of 
  growth 
  of 
  Loblolly 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  rapid 
  than 
  that 
  

   of 
  Shortleaf: 
  hence 
  it 
  produces 
  a 
  given 
  amount 
  of 
  timber 
  in 
  a 
  much 
  

   shorter 
  time. 
  

  

  (3) 
  Wherever 
  Loblolly 
  becomes 
  firmly 
  established 
  the 
  forest 
  growth 
  

   tends 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  dense 
  and 
  more 
  nearly 
  a 
  pure 
  pine 
  forest 
  than 
  with 
  

   Shortleaf. 
  The 
  stand 
  per 
  acre 
  is 
  therefore 
  greater. 
  

  

  These 
  advantages 
  of 
  the 
  Loblolly 
  outweigh 
  the 
  slight 
  superiority 
  

   in 
  the 
  wood 
  of 
  the 
  Shortleaf. 
  and 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  advisable, 
  therefore, 
  to 
  

   favor 
  the 
  former 
  species 
  in 
  every 
  possible 
  way. 
  This 
  can 
  be 
  done 
  by 
  

   using 
  care 
  in 
  the 
  selection 
  of 
  trees 
  to 
  be 
  left 
  standing 
  for 
  seed 
  pur- 
  

   poses. 
  Wherever 
  feasible, 
  Loblolly 
  should 
  be 
  left 
  in 
  preference 
  to 
  

   Shortleaf. 
  Great 
  care 
  is 
  necessary, 
  however, 
  in 
  selecting 
  the 
  trees 
  to 
  

   be 
  left, 
  as 
  much 
  depends 
  upon 
  the 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  locality. 
  In 
  some 
  

   situations 
  the 
  Shortleaf 
  would 
  develop 
  to 
  much 
  better 
  advantage 
  than 
  

   the 
  Loblolly. 
  In 
  such 
  cases 
  Loblolly 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  favored. 
  

  

  Cow 
  Oak 
  ( 
  Quercus 
  michauxii 
  Nutt. 
  ). 
  

  

  Situation. 
  — 
  This 
  species 
  occurs 
  only 
  in 
  the 
  hardwood 
  bottom 
  type. 
  

   In 
  these 
  bottom 
  lands 
  the 
  important 
  point 
  is 
  whether 
  the 
  various 
  spe- 
  

   cies 
  occupy 
  the 
  lower 
  or 
  the 
  higher 
  levels, 
  the 
  moist 
  or 
  wet. 
  or 
  the 
  

   relatively 
  dryer 
  soils. 
  Cow 
  Oak 
  always 
  occurs 
  on 
  the 
  slight 
  eleva- 
  

   tions 
  and 
  invariably 
  shuns 
  the 
  depressions, 
  showing 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  

   suited 
  to 
  an 
  excess 
  of 
  moisture 
  in 
  the 
  soil. 
  

  

  Soil. 
  — 
  No 
  variation 
  exists 
  in 
  the 
  composition 
  of 
  the 
  soil 
  of 
  these 
  

   bottom 
  lands, 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  species 
  flourish 
  alike 
  on 
  the 
  deep, 
  fresh 
  or 
  

   moist 
  compact 
  loam. 
  

  

  Tol'-riiiK-e 
  und 
  reproduction. 
  — 
  In 
  common 
  with 
  the 
  other 
  oaks, 
  the 
  

   Cow 
  Oak 
  is 
  very 
  intolerant 
  of 
  shade 
  and 
  requires 
  full 
  light 
  for 
  devel- 
  

   opment 
  during 
  its 
  entire 
  life. 
  Reproduction 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  exceed- 
  

   ingly 
  scanty, 
  and 
  not 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  increased 
  by 
  lumbering, 
  for 
  in 
  spite 
  

   of 
  the 
  favorable 
  conditions 
  of 
  light 
  which 
  would 
  be 
  created 
  it 
  i< 
  

   improbable 
  that 
  the 
  seedlings 
  could 
  withstand 
  the 
  dense 
  growth 
  of 
  

   cane 
  and 
  the 
  frequent 
  floods. 
  

  

  Occurrence. 
  — 
  Cow 
  Oak 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  a- 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  

   most 
  valuable 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  bottoms, 
  and 
  occurs 
  by 
  single 
  trees 
  evenly 
  

  

  