﻿38 
  WORKING 
  PLAN 
  FOR 
  FOREST 
  LANDS 
  NEAR 
  PINE 
  BLUFF, 
  ARK. 
  

  

  distributed 
  throughout 
  the 
  type. 
  Very 
  few 
  young 
  trees 
  are 
  present; 
  

   almost 
  the 
  entire 
  stand 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  veterans. 
  

  

  Development. 
  — 
  The 
  Cow 
  Oaks 
  of 
  these 
  bottoms 
  have 
  massive 
  cylin- 
  

   drical 
  boles, 
  rising 
  60 
  or 
  70 
  feet 
  before 
  branching. 
  They 
  bulge 
  out 
  

   considerably 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  rule 
  incline 
  to 
  be 
  squarish 
  or 
  angu- 
  

   lar 
  in 
  form. 
  Small 
  clumps 
  of 
  twigs 
  commonly 
  sprout 
  out 
  at 
  short 
  

   intervals 
  over 
  the 
  whole 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  stem. 
  

  

  The 
  crown 
  is 
  large 
  and 
  massive, 
  consisting 
  generally 
  of 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  

   heavy 
  main 
  forks, 
  and 
  extends 
  slightly 
  above 
  the 
  surrounding 
  forest 
  

   canopy, 
  occupying 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  space 
  when 
  well 
  developed. 
  It 
  

   must 
  always 
  have 
  plenty 
  of 
  light 
  and 
  room. 
  

  

  White 
  Oak 
  (Quercus 
  alba 
  Linn.). 
  

  

  The 
  White 
  Oaks 
  of 
  the 
  bottom 
  lands 
  are 
  similar 
  in 
  every 
  wa 
  v 
  v 
  to 
  the 
  

   Cow 
  Oaks 
  described 
  above. 
  When 
  growing 
  on 
  the 
  pine 
  lands 
  this 
  

   species 
  is 
  inferior 
  in 
  character 
  and 
  of 
  much 
  smaller 
  proportions. 
  It 
  

   seeks 
  out 
  the 
  best 
  soils, 
  reproduces 
  readily, 
  and 
  is 
  intolerant 
  of 
  shade. 
  

  

  Sweet 
  Gum 
  (IAquidambar 
  styraciflua 
  Linn) 
  . 
  

  

  Situation. 
  — 
  This 
  species 
  occurs 
  both 
  on 
  the 
  elevations 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  

   depressions 
  of 
  the 
  bottom 
  lands, 
  and 
  is 
  able 
  to 
  grow 
  in 
  places 
  where 
  

   standing 
  water 
  is 
  present 
  during 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  year. 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  com- 
  

   mon 
  throughout 
  the 
  pine 
  lands, 
  but 
  the 
  growth 
  is 
  here 
  very 
  scrubby 
  

   in 
  comparison 
  with 
  the 
  splendid 
  development 
  attained 
  in 
  the 
  bottoms. 
  

  

  Tolerance 
  and 
  reproduction. 
  — 
  Sweet 
  Gum 
  can 
  tolerate 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  of 
  

   shade, 
  and 
  the 
  reproduction 
  grows 
  well 
  under 
  the 
  shelter 
  of 
  oak, 
  ash, 
  

   hickory, 
  etc. 
  It 
  seems 
  also 
  to 
  nourish 
  equally 
  well 
  in 
  the 
  open. 
  This 
  

   is 
  the 
  only 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  bottoms 
  with 
  a 
  fair 
  amount 
  of 
  young 
  growth 
  

   present. 
  Its 
  reproduction 
  occurs 
  everywhere, 
  although 
  in 
  a 
  thin 
  and 
  

   scattered 
  form. 
  

  

  Occurrence. 
  — 
  Sweet 
  Gum 
  occurs 
  by 
  single 
  trees; 
  occasionally 
  also 
  a 
  

   pure 
  pole 
  forest 
  of 
  limited 
  extent 
  is 
  met 
  with. 
  

  

  Development. 
  — 
  The 
  bole 
  is 
  inclined 
  to 
  be 
  somewhat 
  crooked 
  and 
  

   enlarged 
  at 
  the 
  butt, 
  and 
  is 
  fairly 
  cylindrical 
  and 
  free 
  from 
  branches 
  

   for 
  50 
  or 
  60 
  feet 
  from 
  the 
  ground. 
  The 
  crown 
  is 
  large 
  and 
  somewhat 
  

   more 
  dense 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Cow 
  Oak. 
  

  

  White 
  Ash 
  [Fraxinus 
  americana 
  Linn. 
  ). 
  

  

  Situation. 
  — 
  Like 
  the 
  Sweet 
  Gum, 
  the 
  White 
  Ash 
  nourishes 
  in 
  the 
  

   hollows 
  of 
  the 
  bottoms 
  where 
  water 
  collects, 
  seeming 
  to 
  prefer 
  such 
  

   locations 
  to 
  the 
  drier 
  elevations; 
  it 
  is 
  found 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  sloughs, 
  where 
  

   water 
  is 
  almost 
  always 
  present, 
  at 
  least 
  to 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  inches. 
  

   White 
  Ash 
  occurs 
  to 
  a 
  very 
  limited 
  extent 
  on 
  the 
  pine 
  lands. 
  

  

  Tolerance 
  and 
  reproduction. 
  — 
  White 
  Ash 
  can 
  succeed 
  under 
  a 
  g 
  - 
  ood 
  

   deal 
  of 
  shade, 
  but 
  young 
  growth 
  is 
  very 
  scarce. 
  

  

  