﻿SILVKTLTl'RAL 
  NOTES. 
  

  

  39 
  

  

  Occurrence. 
  — 
  Always 
  by 
  single 
  trees. 
  

  

  Ih 
  l<, 
  j, 
  no 
  nt. 
  — 
  The 
  bole 
  is 
  massive 
  and 
  cylindrical, 
  and 
  the 
  crown 
  

   large, 
  spreading, 
  and 
  irregular 
  in 
  shape. 
  It 
  attains 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  

   proportions 
  as 
  the 
  Sweet 
  Gum. 
  

  

  Shacbakk 
  Hickory 
  (Hicoria 
  ovata 
  Britton). 
  

  

  Situation. 
  — 
  This 
  species 
  prefers 
  the 
  higher 
  levels 
  in 
  the 
  bottom 
  

   lands, 
  and 
  is 
  never 
  found 
  in 
  standing 
  water. 
  It 
  occurs 
  also 
  on 
  the 
  

   pine 
  lands, 
  but 
  its 
  development 
  here 
  is 
  very 
  poor 
  in 
  comparison 
  with 
  

   the 
  tine 
  proportions 
  it 
  reaches 
  in 
  the 
  bottoms. 
  

  

  Tolerance 
  and 
  reproduction. 
  — 
  Young 
  growth 
  is 
  very 
  scarce: 
  what 
  

   there 
  is 
  seems 
  to 
  tolerate 
  a 
  certain 
  amount 
  of 
  shade. 
  

  

  (h 
  i-nrrt 
  no 
  ■■. 
  — 
  Always 
  by 
  single 
  trees. 
  

  

  Development. 
  — 
  The 
  crown 
  is 
  large 
  and 
  dome 
  shaped, 
  and 
  the 
  bole 
  

   long, 
  slender, 
  and 
  somewhat 
  tapering: 
  a 
  clear 
  length 
  of 
  40 
  to 
  50 
  feet 
  

   is 
  quite 
  common. 
  

  

  Holly 
  {Ilex 
  opaca 
  Ait. 
  ). 
  

  

  Situation. 
  — 
  The 
  Holly 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  at 
  home 
  alike 
  on 
  the 
  slight 
  ele- 
  

   vations 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  depressions 
  of 
  the 
  bottoms, 
  although 
  always 
  shun- 
  

   ning 
  any 
  considerable 
  amount 
  of 
  standing 
  water. 
  It 
  occurs 
  but 
  rarely 
  

   on 
  the 
  pine 
  lands. 
  

  

  Tolerance 
  and 
  reproduction. 
  — 
  This 
  species 
  is 
  very 
  tolerant 
  of 
  shade. 
  

   It 
  will 
  come 
  up 
  under 
  dense 
  foliage 
  and 
  very 
  slowly 
  force 
  its 
  way 
  

   through 
  the 
  crowns 
  of 
  all 
  species 
  overtopping 
  it. 
  The 
  reproduction 
  

   is 
  scattering 
  throughout. 
  

  

  Occurrence. 
  — 
  Always 
  by 
  single 
  trees. 
  

  

  Development. 
  — 
  The 
  Holly 
  is 
  small 
  in 
  comparison 
  with 
  the 
  other 
  

   species, 
  seldom 
  attaining 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  over 
  30 
  or 
  40 
  feet 
  or 
  a 
  diameter 
  

   of 
  over 
  24 
  inches. 
  Its 
  bole 
  is 
  tapering 
  and 
  covered 
  almost 
  to 
  the 
  

   ground 
  by 
  its 
  dense, 
  conical-shaped 
  crown. 
  

  

  Hornbeam 
  (Carpinus 
  caroliniana 
  Walt.). 
  

  

  With 
  the 
  Holly, 
  this 
  species 
  forms 
  a 
  kind 
  of 
  underwood 
  to 
  the 
  large 
  

   oaks. 
  gums, 
  etc., 
  although 
  it 
  is 
  generally 
  so 
  stunted 
  as 
  to 
  resemble 
  a 
  

   bush 
  rather 
  than 
  a 
  tree. 
  In 
  regard 
  to 
  situation, 
  tolerance, 
  and 
  occur- 
  

   rence 
  it 
  resembles 
  the 
  Holly, 
  but 
  in 
  mode 
  of 
  growth 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  irreg- 
  

   ular, 
  usually 
  forming 
  a 
  crooked, 
  short 
  bole 
  and 
  a 
  very 
  broken 
  and 
  

   open 
  crown. 
  

  

  