52 THE WOODSMAN’S HANDBOOK. 
The pulp manufacturer would of course ascertain how much | 
pulp he could get from a hundred cubic feet of logs, the shingle | 
manufacturer how many shingles, the veneer manufacturer how | 
many square feet of veneer, and the lumberman how many feet 
board measure, and the price would be fixed accordingly. ~ 
Each manufacturer must finally find for his own mill a converting 
factor if close calculation is desired, because such items as the 
width of saw, the product, and the methods of the sawyer will | 
vary the output in different mills. An approximate factor may be 
found, however, for the same general class of material and product. 7 
In the case of lumber (1-inch boards) this factor varies with the 
diameter of the logs. From mill studies conducted by the Forest 
Service the averages for a number of mills have been determined. 
The factors of course apply only to straight, sound logs, since 
the deduction for defect is made by the scaler in the cubic-foot 
scale. Hardwoods run a little lower for the larger diameters. 
TABLE 6.—Relation between Solid Contents of 12-foot Logs in 
Cubic Feet and Saw Cut in 1-inch Boards. 
Board feet saw cut per cubic 
Actual saw cut in mill tests.a foot of log contents. 
Mid- 
dle , 
sae pile Band Band Band Band 
of log| tents saw ,} saw ,¢ Gang saw, saw, Gang 
ee 4-inch 7s-inc saw ,d 4-inch +5-inc saw, 
Boake kerf, kerf, gz-inch kerf, kerf, s-inch 
squared sawed kerf. squared sawed er 
on saw alive on saw alive 
ee 
Inch.| -Cu- ft. Bad. ft. Bd. ft. Bd. ft. Bad. ft. Bd. fi. Ba. ft. 
6 2.4 17 10 16 (Ga: 4.2 6. 
8 4.2 30 23 30 ico 0.9 & 
10 6.5 O2 4} 47 8.0 6.3 rt 
12 9.4 ) 63 66 8. 0 6.7 ‘- 
14}. 12.8 101 90 89 Te. (ele ve 
£16: S 133 120 117 1-9 is /€ 
Perak 2 170 | 157 150 8. 0 7.4 & 
20 ke: 2 213 198 192 8.1 7.6 re 
22.| 31.7 262 242 241 8.3 120 ig 
24 | 37.7 31d 2GU eae 8.4 (aera | 
a Saw test for Forest Service in Maine, 1902, by H. D. Tiemann. 
b Based on 167 logs, largely hemlock, some spruce and pine. 
c Based on 224 logs, largely spruce, some pine. 
d Based on 56 logs, largely hemlock, some spruce. 
