POSSIBILITIES OF WESTERN PINES AS A SOURCE OF 



NAVAL STORES. 



PTJRPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION. 



The constantly decreasing supply of southern yellow pine timber 

 available for turpentme operations, and the steady demand for tur- 

 pentine and rosin, suggest the utilization of western pines for the 

 production of naval stores. 



During 1911 the Forest Service conducted experiments on western 

 yellow pine in Arizona and California,^ and on both western yellow 

 pine and pinon in Colorado, to determine the quantity of crude 

 oleoresin which could be secured from these pines by the methods 

 ordinarily emplo^^ed in the turpentining of longleaf yellow pine in 

 the Southeast. The field work was supplemented by laboratory 

 analyses to determine the quality of the gum. The experiments in 

 California were conducted under the supervision of C. Stowell Smith, 

 assistant district forester. 



ARIZONA EXPERIMENTS ON WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 



(Piniis ponderosa xar. scopidorvm.) 

 DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENTAL AREAS. 



The Arizona experiments were conducted on the Coconino and 

 Tusayan National Forests, about 9 miles north of FlagstalT. Cups 

 were hung on three different areas, chosen to represent average forest 

 conditions, and designated A, B, and C, with 500 faces on each. 

 These three areas combined made 28| acres. In addition, 100 cups 

 were hung on another area, D, for stud}dng certain special problems. 

 Figure 1 shows the location, altitude, and size of each of the experi- 

 mental areas. The forest consisted of a pure stand of a variety of 

 western yellow pine, running about 7,000 board feet to the acre. 

 The surface of the ground was rolling and scattered over it were a 

 large number of rocks of volcanic origin, commonly known as mal- 

 pais rock. There was practically no undergrowth and but few trees 

 below 12 inches in diameter breast liigh. Plate I shows a typical 



1 Experiments were started on lodgepole pine, sugar pine, and Douglas fir in California. The flow of 

 gum was so small that the work was discontinued. During the season of 1912 the experiments on western 

 yellow pine in California will be continued. The flow from digger pine, pinon pine, and Jeffrey pine will 

 also be determined. 



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