140 
Card, James T., (see Zinc-creosote process of pre- 
serving wood,) 87. 
Cat alp a, hardy: 
Plantations of, in California, failure of, 28. 
Plantations of, in Kansas, 23. 
Planting of, in Missouri, by Missouri Pacific 
Railroad Company, 27. 
Chanute : 
O., C. E., 87. 
Estimates on the economy of using treated 
Hemlock ties, 92. 
Charges : 
Annual, for ties, B. E. Fernow, 105. 
Formula for constructing tables for comput- 
ing, 106. 
Tables for computing, 107. 
Charring Hemlock ties, 50. 
Chemical, analysis : 
Of Chestnut, 53. 
Of Hemlock, 53. 
Of Long-leaved Pine (Yellow Pine), 53. 
Of Tamarack, 53. 
Of Western Larch, 53. 
Of White Cedar, 53. 
Of White Oak, 53. 
Of Wood-creosote oil, 99. 
Chestnut: 
Adhesion of spikes in ties of, 58. 
Change of sap-wood to heart- wood in, 41. 
Chemical analysis of, 53. 
Cost of ties of, 43. 
Durability of ties of, 41. 
Fungi growing on wood of, 42. 
Preserving timber of, 42. 
Resistance of wood of, to indentation, 53, 54. 
Specific gravity, 40. 
Structure of the wood, 40. 
Ties, kind of service best suited to, 43. 
Ties, lengthened size of, 55. 
Weight of wood per cubic foot, 53. 
Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company: 
Spark-arresters used by, 136. 
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Com- 
pany: 
Experience with Burnettized ties, 82. 
Experience with Kyanized ties, 50. 
Chicago, Saint Paul and Minneapolis Railroad 
Company, experience of, in tree-planting, 29. 
Chloride of Zinc for preserving wood, (see Zinc), 
76. 
Of Barium, (see Thilmany process), 85. 
Compound or jointed ties, 125. 
Constable, Howard, C.E.: 
"Conclusion" to Wood-preservation, 92. 
Notes to Wood-preservation, 66, 68, 76, 84. 
Consumption of timber checked by preservation 
of ties, 31. 
Of tie-timber, annual, 31. 
Copper, sulphate of (in solution), for impregnating 
wood, 33, 76, 83. 
Advantages and disadvantages of treating 
wood with, 83, 84. 
Amount of solution of, absorbed by various 
woods, 83. 
Cost of treating timber with, 90, 91. 
Effect of, on wood treated witb, 94. 
Copper, sulphate of — Continued. 
Life of Fir ties treated with, 84. 
Strength of solution of, used to preserve wood, 
83. 
Corrosive Sublimate : 
Advantages of, in preserving timber for cer- 
tain purposes, 91. 
As an antiseptic for wood-preservation, 70,78. 
Cost of preserving timber with, 89, 91, 95. 
Disadvantages of treatment with, 81. 
Efficacy of treatment with, 80. 
Hardening effect of, on Chestnut wood, 42. 
Life of ties treated with, 80. 
Methods and substances used to prevent wash- 
ing-out of, in timber, 85. 
Quantity of, absorbed by various woods, 78. 
Strength of solution used for impregnating 
wood, 78. 
Timerequired for impregnating wood with, 79. 
Cost: 
Annual, of renewing ties, points to be consid- 
ered in computing, 123. 
Of creosoted Fir ties, 94. 
Of creosoting timber, 88, 91. 
Of Kyanizing timber, 89, 91. 
Of Kyanizing Hemlock ties, 50. 
Of metal ties, 110, 113, 117, 118, 122, 126, 127. 
Of preserving timber with Chloride of Zinc, 
with Copper sulphate, with Zinc and Tannin,. 
89, 90, 91. 
Creosote, for impregnating wood : 
Amount of, used per cubic foot of wood, 77. 
Chemical analysis of, 76. 
Cost of treating ties with, 78, 88, 91, 94. 
Cypress ties treated with, life of, 78. 
Drawbacks to use of, 78. 
How produced, 76. 
Increase of bending strength of timber treated 
with, 104. 
Life of ties treated with, 77, 78. 
Merits of its preserving qualities, 76, 77. 
Number of pounds required per cubic foot to 
preserve timber, 94. 
Oil, for preserving wood, 76. 
Oil, to prevent attacks of Teredo navalis, 94. 
Oil, Wood, (see Wood-creosote oil*. Report 
on, (W.H.Bixby), 99. 
Weight per gallon, 76. 
Creosoting, Yellow-Pine ties, 48. 
Bending strength of timber increased by, 
104. 
Effect of, on Hemlock ties, 50. 
Oil used for, 76, 99. 
Ties, cost of, in France, 78. 
Works, where established, 76, 78. 
Culture. (See Timber cultnre.) 
Of Catalpa in California, failure of, 28. 
Of Eucalyptus for ties and telegraph poles, 27.. 
Of Hardy Catalpa in Kansas by Fort Scott 
and Gulf Railroad Company, 23. 
Of Larch in Illinois, by Illinois Central Rail- 
road Company, 26. 
Of timber along Railroad lines, opinions of 
Railroad Companies concerning, 29, 30. 
Cutting, time for, and its influence on durability 
of White Oak, 37, 39. 
