141 
"Dead oil," (seo Creosote oil), 99. 
Decay : 
lu Hemlock, fungi causing, ,">0. 
Jn Long-leaved I'iue, 1 u u.ui causing, 47. 
In Tamarack, order of, and fungi causing, 52. 
In timber (° dry-rot "), 37, 67. 
In timber, cause of, 82, 67. 
In White Cedar, fungi causing, 44. 
In W Int.- Oak, fungi causing, 89. 
In timber, old tbeory of, 32. 
Detlection of rails under traibc, 5G. 
Final effect of, in rails, 56. 
Dt s Monies Strt i t Railway Company : 
Experience of, witb use of metal ties, 127. 
Destruction of ties, agents effecting, 55. 
"Diamond Stack" (spark-arrester), working of, 
130. 
Dry-rot : 
Experiments on treatment of timber to pre- 
vent (note), 37. 
In timber, cause of, 32 (50). 
Favored by impel feet Bui nettizing of timber, 
33. 
Dudley, P. H. : Structure, behavior, and causes of 
decay of timber-ties, 31 (119). 
Durability of Eucalyptus ties and telegraph poles, 
27. 
Of Burnettized timber, 33. 
Of Chestnut timber, 41. 
Of Hemlock, 50. 
Of Long leaved Pine, 48. 
Of Tamarack, 51. * 
Of "White-Cedar timber, 43, 44. 
Of White-Oak timber, 38. 
Of wood affected by time of cutting, 67. 
Eastern Railway Company (of Massachusetts): 
Experience of, with cost and durability of 
Kyanizing Hemlock ties, 50. 
Egleston, N. H., 9, 13, 15. 
Connection of Railroads wiih Forest Fires, 128. 
Engineers, American Society of: Report of com- 
mittee of on wood preservation (1885), 94. 
Ensign, Col. E. T. : Data furnished on cost of 
wood-preserving processes, 87. 
Eucalyptus, plantations of, started by Southern 
Pacific Railroad Company, 27. 
Affected by frost in California when young, 
28. 
Telegraph poles, behavior of, 27. 
Experiments on adhesion of spikes, 57, 62, 64. 
On absorption of water by impregnated and 
unimpregnated wood, 104. 
On the comparative bending strength of 
treated and untreated timber, 104. 
Successful on wood-preservation, table of, 98. 
"With carbolineum as a wood-preservative, 104. 
" Extended Front ond and Straight Stack " (Spark- 
arrester), 136. 
Working of, 137. 
Fastenings, for metal ties, 118. 
Fernow, B. E., 16, 18, 38, 62, 67, 78, 100, 104. 
Annual Charges for Ties, 105. 
Metal Railroad Ties, 108. 
Fir: 
Ties, Burnettized. life of, 82. 
Ties, Creosoted, cost and life of, 94. 
'l ies, life of, treated with Copper sulphate, 84. 
Timber, bending strength of, increased by 
creosotiug, 104. 
Fires : 
As affecting tree planting adjacent to Rail- 
ways, 29, 30, 130. 
Connection of, with Railroads (N. H. Egles- 
ton). 
Forest, laws in regard to, in various States, 
130. 
Forest, number of caused by railroad locomo- 
tives, 128, 129. 
Flad, Henry, C. E., wood preservation, 66. 
Foot, George, Superintendent Mexican Railway, 
110. 
Experience of, with metal ties, 110. 
Forest : 
Area in Eolation to Railroads, 14. 
Demands on, by Railroads for maintenance and 
new construction, 14, 15, 17, 31. 
Diminishing from wasteful destruction iu cut- 
ting tie timber, 20. 
Fires, Connection of, with Railroads (N. H. 
Egleston), 128. 
Fires, number of, caused by Railroad locomo- 
tives, 128, 129. 
How Railroad Companies can aid in arousing 
interest in culture of, 25. 
Number of acres of, to be annually cut over for 
track construction, 18. 
Supplies, necessity of preserving, 14. 
Trees planted by Railroad Companies, 26. 
"Why Railroad Companies are not generally en- 
gaged in creation of, 22. 
Fort Scott and Gulf Railway, example of, in tim- 
ber culture (Kansas), 23 (26). 
Fungi: 
Growing on Chestnut timber, 42. 
Growing on Hemlock, 50. 
Growing on Long-leaved Pine, 47. 
Growing on "White Cedar, 44. 
Growing on Tamarack, 52. 
Growing on "White Oak timber, 39. 
Growth of, causing decay in timber, 32. 
Germany, number of miles of track laid with metal 
ties in, 110. 
Cost of maintaining road with metal ties in, 
123. 
Cost and weight of metal ties used by various 
Railway Companies in, 118. 
Glue (see "Wellhouse processof preserving timber) 
86. 
Growth : 
Diameter of White Cedar, 42. 
Of Eucalyptus trees in California, 27. 
Of fungi on Chestnut timber, 42. 
Of fungi on Hemlock, 50. 
Of fungi on Long-leaved Pine timber, 47. 
Of fungi on Tamarack, 52. 
Of fungi on "White Cedar timber, 44. 
Of fungi on "White Oak timber, 39. 
