146 
Supply: 
Adequacy of, of timber for Railway construc- 
tion, 19. 
Of tie-timber diminishing, 20. 
Of timber in treeless plains produced by cult- 
ure, 22. 
Switzerland, number of miles of track in, laid with 
metal ties, 110. 
Tamarack : 
Cbemical analysis of, 53. 
Durability and quality of wood, 51. 
Fungi growing on wood of, 52. 
Life of impregnated ties, 51, 52. 
Life of untreated ties, 52. 
Order of decay in ties, 52. 
Preservation of, by antiseptics, 57. 
Size of wood fibers, 51. 
Specific gravity of, 53. 
Structure of, 51 (52). 
Ties, Burnettized, life of, 82. 
Ties, kind of traffic best suited to, 51. 
Weight of wood per cubic foot, 53. 
Tannin (see Wellhouse Process ot preserving tim- 
ber), 86. 
Tar, heavy oil of, for preserving wood, 76, 77, 78, 
99. 
Tecbnology. Knapp's, notefiom, on Composition 
of wood, 67. 
Telegraph poles : 
Acres of timber cut over to supply demand 
for, 18. 
Eucalyptus, bebavior of, in use, 27. 
Kinds of trees used for, 19. 
dumber of cubic feet of timber in, 16, 17. 
Xumber of miles of line constructed, 18. 
Xumber of, required per mile, 16. 
Teredo navalis : 
Antiseptic used to prevent destruction of tim- 
ber by, 94. 
Time required by, to destroy piles, 96. 
Tbilmany Process of treating timber to prevent 
wasbing out of antiseptics, 85. 
Advantages and disadvantages of, 85, 86. 
Chemicals used, 85. 
Ties : 
Annual Cbarges for, B. E. Eernow, 105. 
Burnettized— in use on Flushing Railroad, 33. 
Causes of decay of. in road-bed, 31, 67. 
Cost of preserving, by different methods, 88. 
Creosoted, cost and Life of, in France, 78. 
Cypress, creosoted, life of, 78. 
Decaj-.of, due to fungi, 32, 67. 
Destruction of. three principal agents, 55. 
Durability of, when impregnated, 21. 
Eucalyptus, behavior of, in road-bed, 27. 
Impregnated, number used on German roads, 
97. 
Kinds of trees used for, 19. 
Kyanized, life of, 80. 
Length and size of, 55. 
Metal, B. E. Fernow (see Metal ties), 108. 
Methods and substances to prevent washing 
out of antiseptics, 85. 
Xumber of acres of timber to be annually cut 
for, 18. 
: Ties— Continued. 
Xumber of cubic feet in, 16, 17. 
Xumber of, cut per acre, 17, 18. 
Xumber of, required per mile of track, 14. 
Points to be considered in computing annual 
cost of renewal of, 123. 
j Ties, Beech : 
Burnettized, life of. 82. 
Creosoted, life and cost of, 78. 
Ties, Chestnut: 
Durability of, 41. 
Fungi growing on, 42. 
Preservation of, 42. 
Price of, 43. 
Ties, Fir : 
Burnettized, life of, 82. 
Creosoted, life and cost of, 94, 
Ties, Hemlock: 
Burnettized, durability of, 50. 
Charring of, 50. 
Durability of, 48. 
Estimate on economy of using. 92. 
First cost of (untreated), 94. 
Fungi growing on, 50. 
Kyanized, durability and cost of, 50. 
j Ties, Long-leaved Pine : 
Creosoted, 48. 
Dirticulty of impregnating, due to structure, 
46. 
Durability of, 47. 
Fungi growing on, 47. 
Liability of to split in spiking, 47. 
Xecessity of keeping dry to insure durabil- 
ity, 48. 
Preservation of, 48. 
Vulcanized (Yellow Pine), 48. 
j Ties, Tamarack: 
Antiseptics used in treating, 51. 
Durability and quality of wood, 51. 
Fungi growing on, 52. 
Kind of traffic best suited to, 51. 
Treated and untreated, life of, 51, 52. 
j Ties, White Cedar : 
Durability of, 43, 44. 
Fungi growing on, 44. 
Kind of service best suited to, 43. 
Xumber of, put under a rail, 44. 
j Price of, 43. 
Ties, White Oak: 
Burnettized, life of, 82. 
Durability of, 38, 78. 
Fungi growing on, 39. 
Xumber of trees cut for, annually, 19. 
Preservation of, 39, 78. 
Time of cutting timber for, 39, (67). 
Tilton, G. W., importance of Spark-arresters, 136. 
Timber : 
Acres of, to be cut annually for maintenance of 
track, 18. 
Adequacy of supply of, 19. 
Bridge and trestle, number of cubic feet used 
by Railroad Companies. 15, 17. 
Burnettized, behavior of, in use, 33. 
Carbonizing of, before impregnating with 
wood-creosote oil, 102. 
Catalpa. plantations of, in Califoinia, 28. 
