29 
started it grows without involving work, except such as yields valuable 
material, it will be concedePthat the small exertion necessary to pre- 
vent the soil from being laid waste or occupied by inferior brush must 
be well repaid. 
There are examples enough t@be found in the United States where 
even forest planting in a small way has proved profitable; forest man- 
agement on a large scale does not as yet exist. 
To show what the financial results of management on a large scale are 
abroad, it may be of interest to add a few illustrative statistics, and it 
will be especially noteworthy in these what wide differences in expendi- 
tures and results there are to be found over so small a territory. These 
differences are due to differences of market facilities and intensity of 
Inahagement and also to forest conditions. 
oxpenditures re ‘ : 
Pevenuo, Expenditures and revenues per 
acre of forest. 
| Expenditures. 
| Total ex- : 
~ > Soalest | Ag]. 5 
Countries. : ea pendi- O° 26 2 ; 
Sl ture. 28/88] 2 a = 
Gross. Net. = S &B 3 oO Pt = 
On |.20] :s = 2 
- On 2 es 3 > n 2 
‘3 ol|ecl/| an |=e13 | z 
S'|om(Sa| & |] 3 Ss | o 
a |“ |44 | 4 Oo /a| 4 
Acres. | | | 
Prussia ........-..| 6,000,000} $8, 000, 000)$14, 000, 000; $6, 000, 000.$1. 33) 58 $0.48 e By F i $0, 06)$0. 96 
Ba aNis stas aimee oe 2, 300, 000) 3,150,000) 5,880,000} 2,730,000) 1.37) 53) .64 Seo lak, 
Wirtemberg....-- 470,000) 1,025,000; 2,260,000) 1, 235,000) 2.17} 45) .87| . “9 : "9 . 33) 2. 63 
PHERQUIN, - cin' ca oaic = 416,000} 1,040, C00} 2,750,000} 1,710,500) 2.50} © 37) .65) .81) .11) .21) 4.11 
BU IE ee 2 cote ost 235, 000 404, 000) 1, U90, 000) 656, OVO) 1.54; 40) .22) .83) .15) .12) 2.90 
City of Zurich ..-.. 2, 760 14, 00u 26, a 12, 000) 5. | aa 1, 14) 2. 10) : 16) 1,14) 4. 40 
In fourteen state forest administrations of Germany, covering 
10, 000,000 acres, the cut during 10 years was 55 solid cubic feet per 
“aere per year, of which 27 per cent, or about 15 cubic feet, was lumber- 
wood, equal to about 120 feet board measure. 
Figured on such basis of 55 cubic feet of normal annual accretion 
and a rotation of 80 to 100 years, the total normal wood reserves on 
these state forest lands would be in round numbers 24,750,000,000 
cubic feet, worth, at 5 cents per foot, the average stumpage value, 
’ $1,250,000,000. The net income from these lands averages $31,500,000, 
namely, $29,000,000 for wood and $2,500,000 for other uses, or $3.15 
per acre, or only 24 per cent on the value of the wood reserves figured 
at $125 per acre. From this it will be seen that a considerable amount 
of capital is tied up in the wood reserves aud brings only a moderate 
income. On such a large area, to be sure, there are many parts that 
produce but little and which depress the general results, areas which 
are managed for cultural and economic reasons and for the protection 
of watersheds, but which do not produce such revenues as would tempt 
the majority of private men, and hence the more reason for state own- 
ership of these. 
